اثر افزایش دمای خاک با استفاده از مالچ پلاستیکی بر جوانه‎زنی و بنیه بذر علف‏های هرز تاج خروس (Amaranthus retroflexus)، سلمه‏تره (Chenopodium album) و یولاف وحشی (Avena fatua)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد شناسایی و مبارزه با علف‏های هرز، واحد فسا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فسا، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد فسا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فسا، ایران

چکیده

افزایش دمای خاک با استفاده از مالچ پلاستیکی روشی غیرشیمیائی جهت کنترل علف‏های هرز است که توجه زیادی را در دو دهه‏ اخیر به خود جلب کرده است. این تحقیق در سال 1397 در شهرستان فسا انجام گردید. آزمایش به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 2 فاکتور و 3 تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتور اول 3 گونه علف هرز تاج خروس وحشی، سلمه تره و یولاف وحشی و فاکتور دوم مدت زمان پوشش مالچ پلاستیک در 4 سطح شاهد، 15، 30 و 45 روز بود. نتایج نشان داد که درصد، سرعت جوانه‏زنی و بنیه بذر با افزایش زمان استفاده از مالچ پلاستیک روند کاهشی را نشان دادند. مالچ پلاستیک 45 روز سبب کاهش 53/23 درصدی سرعت جوانه‏زنی نسبت به تیمار بدون مالچ پلاستیک گردید. همچنین درصد، سرعت جوانه‏زنی و بنیه بذر با فعالیت آنزیم آلفا آمیلاز همبستگی مثبت و معنی‏داری و با هدایت الکتریکی بذرها همبستگی منفی و معنی‏داری را نشان داد. مالچ پلاستیک 45 روز سبب افزایش زمان تا شروع 50 درصد جوانه‏زنی و یکنواختی جوانه‏زنی به­ترتیب به­میزان 56/33 و 61/33 درصدی نسبت به شاهد گردید. تیمار مالچ پلاستیک 45 روز سبب کاهش 83/45 درصدی وزن خشک گیاهچه نسبت به شاهد گردید. از سوی دیگر، تیمار مالچ پلاستیک 45 روز سبب کاهش 16/33 درصدی فعالیت آنزیم آلفا آمیلاز نسبت به شاهد گردید. هدایت الکتریکی بذرها با فعالیت آنزیم آلفا آمیلاز همبستگی منفی و معنی‏داری را نشان داد. در مجموع نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که اثر بازدارندگی تیمار مالچ پلاستیک در علف هرز یولاف وحشی بیش­تر بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of soil temperature increasing by using plastic mulch on germination and seed vigor weeds of Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album and Avena fatua

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Karimian 1
  • Mohammad Reza Baziar 2
1 M.Sc. Student of Identification and Fighting Against Weeds, Fasa Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fasa, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Fasa Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fasa, Iran
چکیده [English]

Increasing of soil temperature by using plastic mulch is a non-chemical method to control the weed. It has attracted a lot of attention in the last two decades. This study was conducted in the city Fasa in 2018. This study was done as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was the kind of weed, that were Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenoodium album and Avena fatua , the second factor was the time period of plastic mulch, that were 4 levels of control, in which plastic mulch were 15, 30 and 45 days. The results showed that the percentage, germination speed and seed vigor will decrease with higher plastic mulch levels 45 days of plastic mulch caused a reduction of 23.53 percentage in germination speed comparing to the treatment which had control. The percentage, germination speed and seed vigor showed a positive and significant correlation with the activity of Alpha Amylase and a negative and significant correlation with electrical conduction of the seeds. 45 days of plastic mulch increased the period before the 50 percent level of germination and uniformity of germination increased 33.61 and 33.56 respectively comparing to the treatment control. Plastic mulch treatment for 45 days caused a 45.83 percentage decrease in the dry weight of the seedling comparing to the treatment control. On the other hand, a 45 day plastic mulch treatment caused a 33.16 percentage reduction in the activity of Alpha Amylase enzyme comparing to the treatment control. Electrical conduction of seeds showed a negative and significant correlation with the activity of Alpha Amylase enzyme. The result of this study showed that the negative effect of plastic mulch treatment was more on Avena fatua weeds.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Alpha amylase
  • Electrical conduction
  • Germination percentage
  • Weed

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علوم و تحقیقات بذر ایران
دوره 7، شماره 3
مهر 1399
صفحه 361-374

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