بررسی تأثیر منشاء تولید، انبارداری و ضدعفونی بذر بر تجزیه کیفی و بیوشیمیایی بذر ذرت سینگل کراس 704

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

این آزمایش به­منظور بررسی تغییرات زوال دو منشاء مختلف بذر ذرت در دو شرایط مختلف انجام شد. تیمارها شامل منشاء تولید بذر در دو سطح (کرج و مغان)، نگهداری بذر در دو منطقه (انبارکنترل­شده و شرایط آب­وهوایی مغان)، ضدعفونی بذر در دو سطح (ضدعفونی­شده و ضدعفونی­نشده) بودند. آزمایش به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. صفات مورد اندازه‌گیری شامل درصد گیاهچه عادی، متوسط زمان جوانه­زنی، شاخص وزنی و طولی بنیه، درصد گیاهچه عادی در آزمون سرما، درصد خروج ریشه‌چه، میزان فعالیت کاتالاز و پراکسیداز و میزان مالون­دی­آلدئید بودند. نتایج نشان داد بذرهای تولیدی کرج نسبت به مغان4 درصد، بذرهایی که در انبار کنترل­شده نگهداری شدند نسبت­به کنترل­نشده 3 درصد و بذرهای ضدعفونی­شده نسبت­به ضدعفونی­نشده حدود 2درصد از گیاهچه عادی بالاتری برخوردار بودند. میزان فعالیت کاتالاز در بذرهای تولیدی کرج از بذرهای تولیدی مغان بیش­تر (14 درصد) بود. ضدعفونی بذر اثر معنی­داری بر فعالیت کاتالاز نداشت. نتایج نشان دادند ضدعفونی بذر بر میزان فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز و محتوی مالون­دی­آلدئید اثر معنی­دار داشت، به­طوری­که فعالیت پراکسیداز در بذرهای ضدعفونی­شده 11 درصد بیش­تر و محتوی مالون­دی­آلدئید حدود 8 درصد نسبت به بذرهای ضدعفونی­نشده کم­تر بود. نتایج نشان داد اثر متقابل منشاء بذر و انبار نگهداری بذر بر درصد گیاهچه عادی در آزمون سرما، فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز و محتوی مالون­دی­آلدئید معنی­دار است. بذرهای تولیدی کرج که در انبار کنترل­شده نگهداری شدند بالاترین میزان درصد گیاهچه عادی (92 درصد) و فعالیت پراکسیداز (042/0 میکرومول H2O2 بر دقیقه­بر میلی­گرم­پروتئین)و کم‌ترین میزان مالون­دی­آلدئید (3 نانومول­برگرم­وزن­تر) را دارا بودند. بنابراین کاهش فعالیت آنزیم­های آنتی­اکسیدانت منجر به اختلال در مراحل جوانه­زنی، کاهش بنیه و در نهایت زوال بذر شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of seed origin, storage and seed treatment on seed quality analysis and biochemical of hybrid corn (cv. SC.704)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bita Oskouei
  • Aidin Hamidi
  • Saman Sheidaei
  • Hosein Sadeghi
Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the changes in deterioration of two different sources of seed corn in two different conditions. Treatments were two seed origins production (Karaj and Moghan), seed storage in two regions (controlled warehouse& Warehouse in Moghan climate), seed asepsis at two levels (Aseptic&  non-aseptic). Experiment was done as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications. Measured characters included: normal seedlings percentage, mean time germination, seedling length and weight vigour indices, normal seedlings percentage in cold test, radical emergence percentage, catalase and peroxidase activities and malondialdehyde contents. Results illustrated seeds produced in Karaj compared to Moghan 4 %, maintained seeds in controlled warehouse compared to non-controlled 3%, and aseptic seeds compared to non-aseptic 2 % had more normal seedlings. Catalase activity in seeds produced in Karaj, were substantially higher (14 %) than the same seeds in Moghan. Seed treatment had no significant effect on catalase activity. Seed treatment had significant effect on peroxidase activities and malondialdehyde contents. peroxidase activity in aseptic seeds was about 11% higher and malondialdehyde was about 8 % lower than non-aseptic seeds. Interaction of seed source and seed storage on normal seedlings percentage in cold test, Peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde contents were substantially considerable. It means seeds produced in Karaj and maintained in controlled warehouse had the highest percentage in normal seedlings (92 %), Peroxidase activity (0.042 umol H2o2/min/mg protein) and had the lowest rate of malondialdehyde (3 nmol/gfresh weight). Thus the reducing of antioxidant enzymes activity leads to disruption of germination, vigour and seed deterioration.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Corn
  • Deterioration
  • Seed origin
  • Storage
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