تعیین دمای کاردینال جوانه‌زنی بذر ماشک سردسیری و گرمسیری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه پیام نور سقز

2 دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

ماشک سردسیری (Vicia villosa L.) و گرمسیری (Vicia monantha L.) از گیاهان مهمی هستند که تاکنون مطالعه‌ای در خصوص کمی کردن واکنش سرعت جوانه‌زنی آن­ها به سطوح مختلف دمائی صورت نگرفته است. به این منظور آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 4 تکرار و  10 سطح دمائی (1، 3، 5، 10، 15، 20، 25، 30، 35 و 40 درجه سانتی­گراد) روی بذرهای ماشک سردسیری و گرمسیری در آزمایشگاه تحقیقات بذر دانشگاه ارومیه اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که دما تأثیر معنی‌داری بر سرعت و درصد جوانه­زنی بذر داشت و مدل دو تکه‌ای به­خوبی قادر به درون­یابی و تخمین دماهای کاردینال (دماهای پایه، مطلوب و دمای سقف) بود. سرعت جوانه‌زنی ماشک سردسیری در دمای مساوی و کمتر از 6/7- و مساوی و بالاتر از 76/40 درجه سانتی­گراد متوقف شد در حالی­که این محدوده دمائی برای ماشک گرمسیری دماهای مساوی و کمتر از 8/3- و مساوی و بالاتر از 2/41 درجه سانتی­گراد بود. سرعت جوانه‌زنی در حداکثر مقدار خود نیز برای ماشک سردسیری 027/0 بر ساعت و برای ماشک گرمسیری 033/0 بر ساعت بود. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که هر دو گیاه ماشک سردسیری و گرمسیری در دماهای پائین­تر از صفر قادر به جوانه‌زنی هستند و دمای پایه جوانه‌زنی در ماشک سردسیری به مراتب کمتر از دمای متناظر آن در ماشک گرمسیری بود و با افزایش دما بر سرعت و درصد جوانه‌زنی در هر دو گیاه افزوده شد. بدین ترتیب هر دوی این گیاه قادر به جوانه‌زنی در محدوده وسیعی از درجه حرارت محیطی از 6/7- تا 76/40 درجه سانتی­گراد (در ماشک سردسیری) و 8/3- تا 2/41 درجه سانتی­گراد (در ماشک گرمسیری) هستند. بنابراین با فرض فراهمی سایر منابع مورد نیاز رشد، می‌توانند در فصول مختلف و شرایط آب و هوائی متنوع به­عنوان یک گیاه علوفه‌ای، تولید مؤفقی داشته باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of germination cardinal temperature in cold and tropical Vetch

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nabi Khalili Aghdam 1
  • Jalal Jalilian 2
چکیده [English]

Cold and tropical Vetch (Vicia villosa and Vicia pannonica)are an important plants which did not do any experiment about quantification of them germination reaction to temperature. Thus, a CRD experiment performed in seed research laboratory of Urmia University with four replications which temperature treatment were eight levels of temperature as: 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 º C. Results revealed that temperature had a significant effects on germination rate and it’s percent and segmented model estimated greatly cardinal temperature (base, optimum and ceiling temperatures). Germination rate of Vicia. Pannonica in equal and less than -7.6 and equal and higher than 40.76 ºC stopped, though this thermal range for V.  villosa was equal and less than -3.8 and equal and higher than 41.2 º  C, respectively. R max were 0.027 and 0.033 h-1 for V. pannonica and V. villosa respectively. Also, results emphasized that both of Vicia species can be geminate in less than zero temperature and in V. Pannonica the base temperature was fewer than V. villosa, so, germination percent and its rate increased by upgrading in temperature to optimum temperature. Therefore, both Vicia species can geminate and emergence in  extended range of environmental thermal from -7.6 to 40.76 º C for V. Pannonica and -3.8 to 41.2 º  C in V.  villosa and thus recognized as a forage crop with acceptable production for various season and climate.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Germination rate
  • Quantification
  • Segmented model
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