بررسی اثر زمان انبارداری و خراش دهی بذر بر خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی اکوتیپ‌های گون علوفه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات جنگل و مرتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران

2 استاد پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات مرتع، موسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 کارشناس ارشد، بخش تحقیقات مرتع، موسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

4 استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات جنگل و مرتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان قزوین، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، قزوین، ایران

10.22124/jms.2024.8670

چکیده

تعداد زیادی از گونه‌های جنس گون از گونه­های علفی چندساله هستند که اکثرا دارای خوشخوراکی و ارزش علوفه‌ای بالایی بوده و بشدت چرا می‌شوند. با این حال، تولید و تکثیر آنها تا حدی تحت تاثیر تغییرات اقلیمی قرار گرفته است. تحقیق حاضر به منظور ارزیابی اثر زمان نگهداری بر خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی بذرهای گون علوفه‌ای (Astragalus vegetus) انجام شد. به همین منظور بذر چهار اکوتیپ در سال 1397 جمع‌آوری و در دمای 4 درجه سانتیگراد نگهداری شدند. در دو بازه زمانی دو و چهارساله (سال 1399 و 1401) آزمایش جوانه‌زنی بر بذرهای خراش داده‌شده در مقایسه با شاهد انجام شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار  انجام گردید. نتایج نشان داد خراش‌دهی و سرمادهی دو عامل موثر برای افزایش جوانه‌زنی بذرهای گون می‌باشند. جوانه‌زنی بذرهایی که به مدت 4 سال در شرایط سردخانه نگهداری شدند نسبت به بذرهایی که دو سال در همین شرایط نگهداری شده‌بودند به طور متوسط 30 درصد افزایش یافت. همچنین متوسط جوانه‌زنی بذرهای خراش داده‌شده 90 درصد و بذرهای بدون خراش 38 درصد بود. بعد از چهار سال انبارداری در شرایط سردخانه تمام اکوتیپ‌های مورد بررسی از لحاظ سرعت جوانه‌زنی و شاخص جوانه‌زنی بطور یکسان وضعیت مناسبی داشتند ولی اکوتیپ (قزوین) با حدود 100 درصد جوانه‌زنی بهترین اکوتیپ شناخته شد. براساس نتایج با اعمال تیمار خراش‌دهی بذرهای جوانه‌زده تا 2.5 برابر افزایش یافت. همچنین ذخیره‌سازی بذرها نه تنها باعث کاهش قوه نامیه نشد بلکه درصد جوانه‌زنی و سرعت جوانه‌زنی را افزایش داد. این نشان می‌دهد ذخیره‌سازی بذرهای گونه‌های گون علفی مناسب بوده و براحتی می‌توان از بذرهای ذخیره شده (در دمای 4 درجه سانتیگراد) به مدت طولانی در پروژه‌های اصلاح و احیا مراتع و دیمزارهای کم‌بازده استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effect of storage time and seed scratching on the germination characteristics of ecotypes of Astragalus vegetus

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sedigheh Zarekia 1
  • Ali Ashraf Jafari 2
  • Niloofar Zare 3
  • Amir Ghorbankhani 3
  • Saeed Rashvand 4
1 Forest & Rangeland Research Division, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO,Yazd, Iran
2 Rangeland Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran
3 Rangeland Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran
4 Forest & Rangeland Research Division, Ghazvin Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO,Ghazvin, Iran
چکیده [English]

A large number of species of the genus Astragalus are perennial herbaceous species, which mostly have palatability and high fodder value and are heavily grazed. However, their production and reproduction has been partially affected by climate change. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of storage time on the germination characteristics of seeds Astragalus vegetus. For this purpose, the seeds of four ecotypes were collected in 2017 and stored at 4ºC. In two and four-year time periods (2019 and 2021), the germination test was performed on scratched seeds compared to the control. The data were analyzed using a factorial test in the form of a completely randomized design in three replications. The results showed that scratching and chilling are two effective factors for the emergence of Astragalus seeds. Germination of seeds that were stored for 4 years in cold storage conditions increased by 30% on average compared to seeds that were stored in the same conditions for two years. Also, the average germination of scratched and control seeds was 90% and 38%, respectively. After four years of storage under cold storage conditions, all the examined ecotypes were equally good in terms of germination speed and germination index, but the ecotype (Qazvin) was recognized as the best ecotype with about 100% germination. Based on the results, germination of the germinated seeds increased by 2.5 times with scarification. Also, the storage of seeds not only did not decrease the germination capacity, but also increased the germination percentage and germination speed. This shows that the storage of Astragalus species seeds is suitable and the stored seeds (at 4ºC) can easily be used for a long time in the projects of improving and revitalizing rangelands and abounded dry farming lands.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • seed germination
  • Scarification
  • Astragalus
  • semi-steppe rangelands
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