سنجش نسبت شکاف فن اوری برای بذر گواهی‌شده برنج رقم هاشمی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

2 گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

10.22124/jms.2023.7684

چکیده

بذر یکی از مهم‌ترین نهاده‌های کشاورزی است که نقش کلیدی در دستیابی به عملکرد و کیفیت مطلوب محصول دارد. از زمانی که بشر به جایگاه بذر مناسب در سود اقتصادی و امنیت غذایی پی برده، همواره تلاش‌های اصلاحی برای فراهم ساختن ارقامی با مشخصات ژنتیکی مدنظر کرده است. برای اثربخشی هرچه بیش‌ترِ سایر نهاده‌های تولید نظیر آب، کود و سم، دسترسی و به‌کارگیری ارقام جدیدِ پربازده و سازگار، یک ضرورت است. در مطالعه حاضر با استفاده از تابع مرزی پوششی، نسبت شکاف فناوری بذر گواهی‌شده برنج رقم هاشمی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. برای انجام تحقیق از اطلاعات 531 کشاورز استفاده شده است. این اطلاعات در سال 1397 با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای متناسب با حجم جامعه به دست آمد. در این مطالعه جهت برآورد کارایی فنی نسبت به مرز گروهی، از مدل تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها (DEA) استفاده شد و برای برآورد نسبت شکاف فناوری(TGR)  از روش فرامرزی(Metafrontier)  استفاده شده است. نتایج حاصل از تخمین تابع تولید مرزی نشان داد کارایی فنی برای کشاورزانی که از بذر گواهی‌شده استفاده کرده‌اند 88/0 و برای کشاورزانی که از بذر اصلاح‌شده استفاده نکرده‌اند 82/0 می‌باشد. یعنی این واحد‌ها با به کار‌بردن میزان مشخصی از نهاده‌های تولید، به­طور متوسط به ترتیب حدود 88 و 82 درصد مقدار محصولی را تولید می‌کنند که با استفاده از میزان نهاده موجود و نوع بذر مصرفی می‌توانست تولید شود. کارایی فنی نسبت به تابع تولید فرامرزی در گروهی که از بذر گواهی‌شده استفاده کردند 82/0 و در گروهی که از این نوع بذر استفاده نکردند 72/0 بود. نسبت شکاف فناوری برای دو گروه فوق به­ترتیب 93/0 و 86/0 به­دست آمد. به­عبارت دیگر، کشاورزانی که از بذر گواهی‌شده استفاده نمودند، عملکرد تکنیکی بهتری داشته و دارای نسبت شکاف فناوری بالاتری بودند. این امر نقطه امیدبخشی برای سیاست‌گذاران بخش کشاورزی است که با ترویج استفاده از بذر گواهی‌شده و تمهیدات لازم جهت تشویق کشاورزان در استفاده از این نوع بذر، بتوان سطح تولید را ارتقا بخشید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of the technological gap ratio for certified seed of Hashemi rice variety

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Esfanjari Kenari 1
  • Mahdi Khani 2
  • Seyyed Hossein Payman 2
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Sciences Faculty, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
2 Department of Biosystem Engineering, Agricultural Sciences Faculty, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Seed is one of the most important agricultural inputs, which plays a key role in achieving optimal yield and quality of the product. Ever since mankind realized the role of the suitable seed in economic profit and food security, it has always made breeding efforts to provide cultivars with desired genetic characteristics. For the maximum effectiveness of other production inputs such as water, fertilizer and pesticides, access and use of new high-yielding and compatible cultivars is a necessity. In the present study, using the metafrontier frontier function, the technological gap ratio of certified seed of Hashemi rice variety was analyzed. The information of 531 farmers was used for the research. This information was obtained in 2018 using the cluster sampling method according to the size of the population. In this study, data envelopment analysis (DEA) model was used to estimate the technical efficiency relative to the group frontier, and the metafrontier method was used to estimate the technological gap ratio (TGR). The results of the frontier production function estimation showed that the technical efficiency for farmers who used certified seeds is 0.88 and for farmers who did not use certified seeds is 0.82. It means that these producers with a certain amount of inputs averagely produce about 88 percent and 82 percent of product respectively, which using the available input and the type of seed could be produced. The technical efficiency compared to the metafrontier production function was 0.82 in the group that used the certified seeds and 0.72 in the group that did not use this type of seed. The technological gap ratio for the above two groups was 0.93 and 0.86 respectively. In other words, farmers who used certified seeds had better technical performance and had a higher technological gap ratio. This is a promising point for policymakers in the agricultural sector that by promoting the use of certified seeds and taking necessary measures to encourage farmers to use this type of seed, the level of production can be improved.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Certified seeds
  • Data envelopment analysis
  • Metafrontier function
  • Technical efficiency

مراجع

Addison, M., Anyomi, B.K., Acheampong, P.P., Wongnaa, C.A. and Amaning, T.K. 2023. Key drivers of adoption intensity of selected improved rice technologies in rural Ghana. Scientific African, 19:e01544. (Journal)
Ali, I., Huo, X., Khan, I., Ali, H., Baz, Kh. and Khan, S. 2019. Technical efficiency of hybrid maize growers: A stochastic frontier model approach. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(10):2408–2421. (Journal)
Amidi, A. 1999. Sampling theory and its applications. University Publishing, 1:86-74. (In Persian)(Book)
Ayinde, O.E., Adewumi, M.O. and Ojehomon, V.E. 2009. Determinants of technical efficiency and varietal-gap of rice production in Nigeria: A meta-frontier model approach. International Association of Agricultural Economists Conference. August 16-22, 2009, Beijing, China. (Conference)
Bulte, E., Cecchi, F., Lensink, R., Marr, A. and Van Asseldonk, M. 2020. Does bundling crop insurance with certified seeds crowd-in investments? Experimental evidence from Kenya. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 180:744-757. (Journal)
Charnes A., Cooper W.W. and Rhodes, E. 1978. Measuring the Efficiency of Decision Making Units. European Journal of Operational Research, 6: 429- 444. (Journal)
Esfanjari Kenari R., Ahmadpour Borazjani M., Kaikha A.A., Ziaei, S. and Salarpour M. 2020. Determination of Technical Efficiency and Optimum Size of Rice Farms in Mazandaran Province (Case study: Fereydunkenar County). International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development, 10(3): 257-265. (Journal)
Esfanjari Kenari, R., Hashemi Chafchiri, S. S. and Menhaj, M.H. 2022. Estimation of the technological gap ratio of different rice varieties in Guilan province. Agricultural Economics Research. 14(1): 157-169. (In Persian)(Journal)
Esmailifar, A. 2014. The future food security of the world depends on quality seeds. Monthly economic trend. 63: 40-41. (In Persian)(Journal)
Hamidi, A. and Mobser, S. 2005. Technical instructions for the control and certification of cotton seed. Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute, Ministry of Agriculture Jihad. (In Persian) (Journal)
Hosseini Chaleshtari, M., Hasanjani, H., Mohammadi, S., Adibi, Sh., Jahansaz, H., Dolatabadian, A., Kazemi Taklimi, D. and Bakhshipour, S. 2017. Investigating the effect of using certified seeds on the yield of the local Hashemi rice variety. The fourth national conference of Iranian seed science and technology. (In Persian)(Conference)
Hosseini Chaleshtari, M., Allahqolipour, M., Ebadi, A.A. and Khazai, L. 2019. The necessity of using certified seeds in rice cultivation. Shalizar Promotional Journal, 1: 7-12. (In Persian)(Journal)
Jani, S. 2017. Analyzing Market Structure Influence on Technology Gap in Iranian manufactures. Quarterly Journal of Economic Research and Policies. 23 (76):7-32. (In Persian)(Journal)
Kheiri Sanami, F., Agahi, H., Alibaygi, A.H., Rostami Ghobadi, F. and Haghparast, R. 2020. Measurement of effective factors on adoption of certified rainfed wheat seed in Kermanshah province. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Technology, 8(2), 241-255. (In Persian)(Journal)
Le, C.B.T., Le, C.D. and Umetsu, C. 2021. “One must do, five reductions” technical practice and the economic performance of rice smallholders in the Vietnamese Mekong delta. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 28:1040-1049. (Journal)
Mariano, M.J., Villano, R. and Fleming, E. 2012. Factors influencing farmers’ adoption of modern rice technologies and good management practices in the Philippines. Agricultural systems, 110: 41-53. (Journal)
Ministry of Agriculture Jihad, Information and Communication Technology Center. 2022. Report on the area, production and yield of crops in the agricultural year 2020-2021. Retrieved Aug. 3, 2022. (In Persian)(Project Report)
O'donnell C.J., Rao D. and Battese G. 2008. Metafrontier Frameworks for the Study of Firm-Level Efficiencies and Technology Ratio. Journal of Empirical Economics, 2: 231-255. (Journal)
Okello, J.J., Zhou, Y., Kwikiriza, N., Ogutu, S., Barker, I., Schulte-Geldermann, E., Atieno, E. and Ahmed, J.T. 2017. Productivity and food security effects of using of certified seed potato: the case of Kenya’s potato farmers. Agriculture and Food Security, 6:1-9. (Journal)
Panupong, D. and Wongchai, Al, Kramol, P. and Jatuporn, Ch. 2018. Efficiency differences on rice production between Thailand and Vietnam using Meta-frontier. International Journal of Management and Business Research, 8 (1):22-33. (Journal)
Rezvani, E., Rahmani, M. and Soltani, R. 2009. Technical instructions for the control and certification of corn hybrid seeds. Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute, Ministry of Agriculture Jihad. (In Persian)(Journal)
Sanogo, K., Touré, I., Arinloye, D.D.A., Dossou-Yovo, E.R. and Bayala, J. 2023. Factors affecting the adoption of climate-smart agriculture technologies in rice farming systems in Mali, West Africa. Smart Agricultural Technology, 5:100283. (Journal)
Shahbazi, H. and Samdeliri, A. 2017. Assessment of Rice Production Total Factor Productivity in several Province: Application of Separable Stochastic Frontier Function. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 30(3):207-217. (In Persian)(Journal)
Tanrivermiş, H. and Akdoğan, I. 2007. The use of certified seeds of improved wheat varieties in farms and the contributions of certified seed usage to enterprise economies: the case of Ankara province in Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 10(24):4339-4353. (Journal)
 
Thibbotuwawa, M., Mugera, A. and White, Ben. 2013, Production Efficiency and Technology Gap in Irrigated and Rain-fed Rice Farming Systems in Sri Lanka: Non Parametric Approach, 57th Conference of Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society. February 5-8, Sydney, Australia. (Conference). 
Tu, V.H., Kopp, S.W., Trang, N.T., Hong, N.B. and Yabe, M. 2021. Land accumulation: An option for improving technical and environmental efficiencies of rice production in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Land Use Policy, 108:105678. (Journal)
Wongchai A., Liu, W.B. and Peng K.C. 2012. DEA metafrontier analysis on technical efficiency differences of national universities in Thailand. International Journal on New Trends in Education and their Implications, 3:3-12. (Journal)
Zozimo, T.M., Kawube, G. and Kalule, S. W. 2023. The role of development interventions in enhancing technical efficiency of sunflower producers. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 14:100707. (Journal)
علوم و تحقیقات بذر ایران
دوره 10، شماره 4
دی 1402
صفحه 63-78

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار