اثر مصرف کودهای آلی و شیمیایی بر رشد، عملکرد و محتوای روغن بذر گیاه خارمقدس (Cnicus benedictus L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت ، ایران

3 استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

4 استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

5 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

6 دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

10.22124/jms.2023.7681

چکیده

این آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثر کاربرد سطوح مختلف ورمی­کمپوست و کود نیتروژن و تلفیق آن­ها بر عملکرد بذر، پروتئین خام بذر، محتوای روغن و پروفایل اسیدهای چرب گیاه خارمقدس در قالب بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سال زراعی 1399-1398 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس انجام شد. تیمار­های آزمایش براساس نیاز کودی گیاه خارمقدس شامل شاهد (بدون مصرف کود)، 100 درصد نیاز کودی نیتروژن، 75 درصد نیاز کودی نیتروژن + 25 درصد ورمی­کمپوست، 50 درصد نیاز کودی نیتروژن+50 درصد ورمی­کمپوست، 25 درصد نیاز کودی نیتروژن+75 درصد ورمی­کمپوست و100 درصد ورمی­کمپوست) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین مقدار زیست توده کل (32/10 تن در هکتار)، ارتفاع بوته (2/100 سانتی­متر) در ترکیب 50 درصد نیاز کودی نیتروژن و ورمی­کمپوست بدست آمد. بیشترین مقدار وزن هزاردانه (9/30 گرم)، عملکرد بذر (3/1708 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، درصد روغن دانه (9/18 درصد) و عملکرد روغن (5/323 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار 100 درصد ورمی­کمپوست مشاهده شد. بیشترین میزان اسید لینولئیک روغن بذر (7/66 درصد) و اسید اولئیک (83/25 درصد) به­ترتیب در تیمار 100 درصد ورمی­کمپوست و 100 درصد نیاز کودی نیتروژن و کمترین مقدار آن­ها در تیمار 100 درصد نیاز کودی نیتروژن (01/61 درصد اسید لینولئیک) و بدون مصرف کود (شاهد) (09/ 23 درصد اسید اولئیک) مشاهده شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که تیمارهای کودی ورمی­کمپوست بر روی کمیت و ترکیب اسیدهای چرب بذر گیاه خارمقدس تاثیر مثبت داشته و به­منظور تولید زیست توده دارویی گیاه خارمقدس تیمار 50 درصد نیاز کودی نیتروژن +50 درصد ورمی­کمپوست و برای تولید بذر، تیمار 100 درصد ورمی­کمپوست در شرایط اقلیمی محل اجرای آزمایش مناسب­تر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of chemical and organic fertilizer application on growth, seed yield and seed oil content of blessed thistle (Cnicus benedictus L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • farzaneh Ghasemlu 1
  • GholamReza Mohsenabadi 2
  • Majid Aghaalikhani 3
  • Masoud Esfahani 4
  • Majid Majidian 5
  • Mehdi Ayyari Nooshabadi 6
1 Ph.D student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
4 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
5 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
6 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of applying different levels of vermicompost and nitrogen fertilizer and their combination on seed yield, seed protein, oil content, and fatty acids profile of the Blessed thistle. The experiment was arranged as a complete block design with three replications in 2018 and 2019 in the experimental field of the faculty of agriculture of Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Treatments consisted of (control (no fertilizer), 100% nitrogen fertilizer requirement, 75% nitrogen fertilizer requirement + 25% vermicompost, 50% nitrogen fertilizer requirement + 50% vermicompost, 25% nitrogen fertilizer requirement + 75% vermicompost and 100% vermicompost). The results showed that the highest biomass (10.32 ton ha-1) and plant height (100.2 cm) was obtained in the combination of 50% nitrogen requirement and vermicompost. The highest 1,000-seed weight (30.9 g), seed yield (1708.3 kg/ha), seed oil percentage (18.9%), and oil yield (323.52 kg/ha) were observed in 100% vermicompost treatment. The highest percentage of linoleic acid (66.7) and oleic acid (25.8) were observed respectively in the treatment of 100% vermicompost and 100% nitrogen fertilizer requirement, and the lowest in the treatment of 100% nitrogen (61.01% linoleic acid) and without Fertilizer consumption (control) (23.09% oleic acid). The results indicated that the vermicompost fertilizer treatments had a positive effect on the quantity and fatty acid composition of the blessed thistle seeds, the treatment required 50% nitrogen fertilizer + 50% vermicompost and for seed production, 100% vermicompost treatment is more suitable in the climatic conditions of the experimental site.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Blessed thistle
  • Fatty acid profile
  • Linoleic acid
  • Oleic acid
  • Vermicompost
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