تأثیرخراشدهی بذر، پیش تیمار با ترکیب های ازته و چینه‌سرمایی بر درصد ظهور و رشد گیاهچه کنگر وحشی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشکده علوم دانشگاه شهرکرد

2 گروه زیست گیاهی دانشگاه شهرکرد

10.22124/jms.2023.7674

چکیده

تکثیر کنگر وحشی از طریق بذر، به­دلیل پوشش به­شدت لیگنینی­شده حاصل از کاپیتول ثانویه، مشکل است. در تحقیق حاضر، ابتدا در دو آزمایش فاکتوریل جداگانه اثر برهمکنش شیوه­های خراش­دهی مکانیکی و شیمیایی (شاهد، سنباده­زنی، اسکالپل، هیپوکلریت سدیم، پراکسید هیدروژن) با چینه­سرمایی (صفر، 1، 2 و 3 هفته) و یا با ترکیبات ازته (شاهد، تیوره، نیترات پتاسیم و سدیم نیتروپروساید) روی شکست خواب بذر ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که همه شیوه­های خراش­دهی، در حد معنی­داری درصد ظهور و رشد گیاهچه را افزایش دادند و اثر متقابل خراش­دهی با چینه­سرمایی و یا ترکیبات ازته، روی این صفات معنی­دار بود. در اولین آزمایش، بالاترین درصد ظهور (%6/75) و طول (4/22 سانتی­متر) گیاهچه 45 روزه در تیمار خراش­دهی با اسکالپل 3 + هفته چینه­سرمایی حاصل شد. در آزمایش دوم، بیشترین درصد ظهور (%6/65)،  طول ریشه (2/10 سانتی­متر) و بخش هوایی (1/8 سانتی­متر) گیاهچه و حداقل میانگین زمان ظهور (5/11 روز) در تیمار خراش­دهی با اسکالپل و کاربرد سدیم نیتروپروساید بدست آمد. در آزمایش سوم اثر ترکیبی سدیم نیتروپروساید و سرمادهی بر شکست خواب بذر­های خراش­دهی­شده با اسکالپل ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد سدیم نیتروپروساید طول دوره چینه­سرمایی مورد نیاز برای حصول بیشترین شاخص­های ظهور و وزن­خشک گیاهچه را کاهش داد. این نتایج نشان داد که بذر­های کنگر وحشی دارای خواب فیزیکی و فیزیولوژیکی هستند و می­توان با تیمارهای خراش­دهی با اسکالپل و سپس چینه­سرمایی یا تیمار با سدیم نیتروپروساید به بیشترین درصد ظهور (85%) و کمترین میانگین زمان ظهور (5/8 روز) دست یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Impact of seed scarification, pretreatment with nitrogenous compounds and cold stratification on emergence percentage and growth of Gundelia tournefortii L. seedlings

نویسندگان [English]

  • rayhaneh Amooaghaie 1
  • Au-alfazl khodadadi 2
1 Plant science Department, Faculty science, Shahrekord University
2 Plant Sci Dep. Shahrekord university
چکیده [English]

The propagation of Gundelia tournefortii L. via seed faces certain problems due to the strongly lignified disseminule from secondary capitulum. Therefore, in this study, in first, the interaction of chemical and mechanical scarification (Control, sodium hypochlorite, H2O2, scalpel and sand paper for 10 min) with cold stratification (0, 1, 2, 3 weeks) or nitrogenous compounds (control, thiourea, nitrate, sodium nitroprusside) on seed dormancy breaking were investigated in two separate factorial experiments. Results showed that all scarification methods significantly increased emergence percentage and growth of seedlings and the interaction of scarification methods with stratification or nitrogenous compounds on these attributes was significant. In the first experiment, the highest emergence percentage (75.6 %) and length of seedlings (22.4 cm) was gathered in treatment of seed scarification by scalpel + 3 weeks cold stratification. In the second experiment, the maximum emergence percentage (65.6 %) and length of root (10.2 cm) and shoot (8.1 cm), and minimum mean time of emergence (11.5 days) of seedlings, was obtained in treatment of seed scarification by scalpel and applying sodium nitroprussid (SNP). In third experiment, the impact of combined application of SNP and cold stratification was assessed on dormancy breaking of seeds scarified with scalpel. Results showed that the application of SNP reduced duration of cold stratification required for obtaining the best emergence indices and maximum dry weight of seedlings. These results indicate that Gundelia tournefortii seeds have physical and physiological dormancy and can achieve the highest percentage of emergence (85%) and the lowest average emergence time (8.5 days) by treatments of scarification with scalpel and then cold stratification or SNP treatment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Hypochlorite؛ H2O2؛ Mechanical scarification؛ Seed dormancy breaking
  • Sodium nitroprusside
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