اثر آللوپاتی قیچ (Zygophyllum eurypterum L.) بر خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی و مؤلفه-های رشدی گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) و پیچک (Convolvulus arvensis L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ‌ارشد اگرواکولوژی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی شیروان، دانشگاه بجنورد، بجنورد، ایران

2 استاد گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی شیروان، دانشگاه بجنورد، بجنورد، ایران

3 دستیار پژوهشی گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی شیروان، دانشگاه بجنورد، بجنورد، ایران

10.22124/jms.2023.7606

چکیده

این پژوهش در سال 1401 به‌منظور مطالعه تأثیر عصاره آبی اندام‌های مختلف قیچ (Zygophyllum eurypterum L.) بر خصوصیات جوانه­زنی و رشد گیاهچه در گیاه گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) و علف هرز پیچک (Convolvulus arvensis L.) در دو آزمایش (آزمایشگاه و گلخانه) به‌ترتیب در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار و طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل عصاره­های آبی قیچ در غلظت‌های 5، 10 و 15 درصد ریشه، 5، 10 و 15 درصد اندام‌هوایی (ساقه و برگ) و شاهد (آب مقطر) بود. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش غلظت عصاره‌ها، صفات جوانه­زنی، رشدی و همچنین محتوای کلروفیل کل هر دو گیاه مورد نظر به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. بیش­ترین میزان بازدارندگی مربوط به عصاره 15 درصد اندام هوایی بود. فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی (درصد مهارکنندگی رادیکال­های آزاد) گندم و علف هرز پیچک با افزایش غلظت عصاره‌های قیچ افزایش یافتند. عصاره 15 درصد اندام هوایی قیچ، جوانه‌زنی در گندم و پیچک را به­ترتیب 7/63 درصد و در 2/89 درصد، نسبت به شاهد کاهش داد. با افزایش غلظت عصاره اندام هوایی از صفر به 15 درصد در پیچک، طول ریشه 8/72 درصد و در گندم 9/52 درصد نسبت به شاهد کاهش پیدا کرد. بیش­ترین میزان فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدان (درصد مهارکنندگی­رادیکال­های آزاد) علف هرز پیچک در غلظت 10 و 15‌ درصد اندام هوایی مشاهده شد که به­ترتیب به­میزان 64 و 73 درصد بود. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد غلظت­های مختلف عصاره قیچ تأثیر بازدارندگی بیش­تری بر صفات مورد بررسی در علف هرز پیچک نسبت به گیاه گندم داشت. اندام‌های هوایی قیچ نسبت به ریشه‌، توانایی بیش­تری در محدودیت جوانه­زنی و رشد بذور گندم و پیچک داشت و می‌توان عصاره آبی 15 درصد اندام هوایی قیچ را برای کاهش رشد و تضعیف علف‌ هرز پیچک قبل از کاشت پیشنهاد نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Allelopathy effect of Zygophyllum euryterum on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Convolvulus arvensis

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sakineh Esfandiari 1
  • Alireza Dadkhah 2
  • Reza Rezvani 3
1 M.Sc. Student in Agroecology, Plant Production and Genetic Department, Faculty Agriculture of Shirvan, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran
2 Professor, Faculty Member of Plant Production and Genetic Department, Faculty Agriculture of Shirvan, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran
3 Research Assistant, Plant Production and Genetic Department, Faculty Agriculture of Shirvan, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran
چکیده [English]

This research was carried out in 2022 in order to study the effect of the aqueous extract of different parts of Zygophyllum eurypterum L. on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat and Convolvulus arvensis L. in two separate experiments including the laboratory and the greenhouse conditions, respectively. The experiments were exerted based on a completely randomized design with three replications and randomized complete block design with 4 four replications, respectively. The experimental treatments included water extracts of Zygophyllum eurypterum L in concentrations of 5, 10 and 15% of roots, 5, 10 and 15% of aerial organs (stem and leaves) and control (distilled water). The results showed that with the increase in the concentration of the extracts, the germination and growth traits as well as the total chlorophyll of both plants decreased significantly. In such a way that the highest amount of inhibition was related to 15% arial parts (stem and leaf) extract. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity of wheat and weed C. arvensis L. increased by increasing the level of Zygophyllum eurypterum extracts. The level of 15% Zygophyllum eurypterum stem and leaf extract in wheat decreased the germination percentage by 63.7% and in C. arvensis L. by 89.2% compared to the control.  Increasing of extract concentration from zero to 15% of arial parts decreased root length decreased by 72.8% in C. arvensis L., and 52.9% in wheat compared to the control. The highest level of antioxidant activity of the weed C. arvensis L. was observed at the levels of 10 and 15% of arial parts extract which were 64 and 73%, respectively. Most of the studied traits of the weed C. arvensis L., such as germination percentage and speed and root length, were more sensitive to the effects of Zygophyllum eurypterum extract than wheat. Examining the results showed that arial parts of Zygophyllum eurypterum were more capable of dealing with germination and seedling growth than the root. Therefore, 15% aqueous extract of Zygophyllum eurypterum stems and leaves can be suggested to reduce the growth and weakening of the weed C. arvensis L.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant activity
  • Inhibitory
  • Germination rate
  • Seedling vigor index
  • Herbicide
  • Chlorophyll

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علوم و تحقیقات بذر ایران
دوره 10، شماره 2
تیر 1402
صفحه 21-36

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