بررسی تأثیر شوری و دما بر شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی، رشد گیاه‌چه و روابط یونی در کرچک (Ricinus communis L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران

10.22124/jms.2023.6171

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تأثیر شوری و دما بر جوانه­زنی، رشد گیاهچه و روابط یونی در کرچک آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در چهار تکرار انجام گرفت. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل شش سطح شوری (صفر، 25، 50، 100، 200 و 400 میلی­مولار کلرید سدیم) و چهار سطح دمایی شامل 15، 20، 25 و 30 درجه سلسیوس بود. در این تحقیق درصد جوانه­زنی، سرعت جوانه­زنی، میانگین مدت جوانه­زنی، طول ریشه­چه و ساقه­چه، وزن خشک ریشه­چه و ساقه­چه، نسبت وزن ریشه­چه به ساقه­چه، سدیم اندام هوایی و ریشه، پتاسیم اندام هوایی و ریشه و نسبت سدیم به پتاسیم ساقه­چه اندازه­گیری شد. با افزایش سطح شوری از کلیه شاخص های جوانه­زنی کاسته شد، اما شوری نسبت ریشه­چه به ساقه چه و مدت زمان جوانه­زنی را افزایش داد. در این بررسی با افزایش سطح شوری بر مقدار سدیم اندام هوایی، سدیم ریشه و نسبت سدیم به پتاسیم افزوده شد. همچنین با افزایش سطح شوری به صورت همزمان از مقدار پتاسیم ریشه و اندام هوایی کاسته شد. نتایج نشان داد دمای 20 درجه سلسیوس بالاترین سرعت جوانه­زنی، طول ریشه­چه، طول ساقه­چه، وزن خشک ریشه­چه و وزن خشک ساقه­چه را به خود اختصاص داد. در این بررسی با افزایش سطح شوری بر مقدار سدیم اندام هوایی، سدیم ریشه و نسبت سدیم به پتاسیم افزوده شد، همچنین با افزایش سطح شوری به­صورت همزمان از مقدار پتاسیم ریشه و اندام هوایی کاسته شد. با افزایش دما از مقدار پتاسیم گیاه کاسته و بر مقدار سدیم افزوده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of salinity and temperature on germination and seedling growth indices and ionic relations in castor (Ricinus communis L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Roya Sayadi 1
  • Ismail Nabizadeh 2
1 Ms.c. Student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran
2 Associate Prof., Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran
چکیده [English]

To evaluate the effect of salinity and temperature on germination, seedling growth, and ionic
relations in Castor a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications was conducted. Treatments consisted of salinity (zero, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mM NaCl) and four temperature levels were 15, 20, 25, and 30 degrees Celsius respectively. In this study, germination percentage, germination rate, average germination time, root and shoot length, root and shoot dry weight, root to shoot weight ratio, shoot and root sodium, shoot and root potassium and the ratio of sodium to potassium was measured. By the increasing salinity levels, all germination indices decreased but salinity increased Root to shoot ratio and Germination time. Results showed that 20 °c had the highest germination rate, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root, shoot dry weight, plant height Compared with other treatments. In this study, with increasing salinity level, the amount of shoot sodium, root sodium, and the ratio of sodium to potassium was increased. Also, the amount of potassium in roots and shoots decreased simultaneously. The temperature of 20 ° C had the lowest shoot and root mean germination time allocated shoot to root ratio and mean germination times. With increasing levels of salinity, the sodium content of shoot, root sodium, and sodium to potassium ratio was increased. Also, amount of potassium in roots and shoots increased by Increasing salinity levels, With increasing temperature amount of potassium reduced and sodium was increased

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Osmotic stress
  • root
  • seedling
  • sodium content
Alid Nejadian Bidabadi, A., Hassani, M. and Maleki. 2018. The effect of water content and salinity on soil salinity and growth and concentration of spinach nutrients in pots. Iranian Soil and Water Research, 49(3): 641-651. (In Persian) (Journal)
Al-Khateeb, S.A. 2006. Effect of salinity and temperature on germination, growth and ion relations of Panicum turgidum Forssk. Bioresource Technology, 97: 292-298. (Journal)
Anjani, K. 2012. Castor genetic resources: A primary gene pool for exploitation. Industrial Crops and Products, 35: 1– 14. (Journal)
Ashraf, M. and Ahmad, A. 2000. Influence of sodium chloride on ion accumulation, yield components and fiber characteristics in salt-tolerance and salt-sensitive lines of cotton. Field Crops Research, 66(2): 115-127. (Journal)
Basra, S.M. 2005. Effect of storage on growth and yield of primed Canola seeds. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 5: 117-120. (Journal)
Brady, N.C. and Weil, R.R. 2002. The Nature and Properties of Soils. 13 th Edition. Prentice Hall, USA. pp. 935. (Book)
Bündig, C., Vu, T.H., Meise, P., Seddig, S. and Schum, A. 2016. Winkelmann variability in osmotic stress tolerance of starch potato genotypes (Solanum tuberosum L.) as revealed by an in vitro screening Role of proline, osmotic adjustment and drought response in pot trials. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 203: 206-218. (Journal)
Cabrera, R.I. and Perdomo, P. 2003. Reassessing the salinity tolerance of greenhouse roses under soilless production conditions. Horticultural Science, 38: 533-536. (Journal)
Charfeddine, M., Charfeddine, S., Ghazala, I., Bouaziz, D. and Radhia Gargouri Bouzid, A. 2019. Investigation of the response to salinity of transgenic potato plants overexpressing the transcription factor StERF94. Journal of Biosciences, 44(141): 2-16. (Journal)
Dutta, T.K., Jana, M. Pahari. P.R. and Bhattachaya, T. 2006. The Effect of Temperature, pH, and Salt on Amylase in Heliodiaptomus viduus (Gurney) (Crustacea: Copepoda: Calanoida). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 30: 187-195. ) (Journal)
 
Ghasemi, A., Hamidi, H., Arves, J. and Masomi, A. 2014. Effects of salinity and temperature on germination of Hyssop. Journal of Crops Improvement, 3(3): 155-169. (In Persian) (Journal)
Gholamnia A., Mosleh Arany, A., sodaeizadeh, H. Tarkesh Esfahani, S. and Ghasemi, S. 2021. The effects of salinity and heat stress on some physiological and vegetative characteristics of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) at different time intervals. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology, 13 (2): 2021- 1-15. (Journal)
Grieve, C.M., Grattan, S.R. and Maas, E.V. 2012. Chapter 13 Plant Salt Tolerance. In ASCE Manual and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 71 Agricultural Salinity Assessment and Management, 2nd ed.; ASCE: Reston, VA, USA, 2012; pp. 405–459. (Book).
Guo, X., Zhou, G., Zhu, G. and Jiao, X. 2019. Effects of calcium on emergence and seedling growth of castor bean under salinity stress. Current Science, 116: 2028–2035 (Journal)
Hashemi Nia, S.M., Nassiri Mahallati, M. and Keshavarzi, A. 2009. Determining the threshold salinity and appropriate temperature, and their combined effects on germination of Cuminum cyminum. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 7(1): 303- 314. (In Persian) (Journal)
Jafari, F., Panahandeh, J., Motallebi Azar, A.R. and Torabi Giglou, M . 2021. The Effect of Osmotic and Temperature Stresses on the Some Physiological Traits and Nutrients Uptake in Different Potato Genotypes during in vitro culture.  Plant Process and Function, 8(33): 229- 247. (In Persian) (Journal)
Jahanbakhshi, Z., Modhej, A .and Alavi fazel, M. 2014. Effects of Heat and Salinity Stress on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth ratio sodium to potassium of Sunflower Genotypes. 13 th National and 3rd International Iranian Crop Science Congress, August 24-26, 2014, seed and plant improvement institute Karaj. (Conference)
Jami Al-hmadi, M. and Kafi, M. 2007. Cardinal temperatures for germination of Kochia scoparia L. Journal of Arid Environments, 68:308 -314. (Journal)
Jamil, M., Rehman, S. Lee, K.J. Kim, M. and Redmann, E.S. 2007. Salinity Reduced growth Ps2 Photochemistry and chlorophyll content in radish.  Journal of Agricultural Science, 64(2): 111-118. (Journal)
Khaled, H. and Fawy, H.A. 2011. Effect of different levels of humic acids on the nutrient content, plant growth, and soil properties under conditions of salinity. Soil and Water Research, 6: 21–29. (Journal).
Khan, M.A., Gul, B. and Weber, D.J. 2002. Seed germination in relation to salinity and temperature in Sarcobatus vermiculatus. Biologia Plantarum, 45: 133–135. (Journal)
Lacerda, C.F., Cambraia, J., Oliva, M.A. and Ruiz, H.A. 2005. Changes in growth and in solute concentrations in sorghum leaves and roots during salt stress recover. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 5469-76. (Journal)
Lacerda, C.F.D., Cambraia, J., Oliva, M.A., Ruiz, H.A. and Prisco, J.T. 2003. Solute accumulation and distribution during shoot and leaf development in two sorghum genotypes under salt stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 49: 107-120. (Journal)
Lima, G.S.D., Nobre, R.G., Gheyri, H.R., Soares, L.A.D.A., Azevedo, C.A.V.D. and Lima, V.L.A.D. 2018. Salinity and cationic nature of irrigation water on castor bean cultivations. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental – Agriambi, 22: 267–272. (Journal)

Lolaei, A. 2012. Effect of calcium chloride on growth and yield of tomato under sodium chloride stress. Journal of Ornamental and Horticultural Plants, 2(3): 155-160. (Journal).

Majde Nasiri, B. 2013. Investigation of the effect of different salinity levels on castor germination, the first regional conference on medicinal plants in the north of the country, Gorgan. (Conference)
Majdenasiri, B. 2013. The effect of different salinity levels on castor germination, the first regional conference on medicinal plants in the north of the country, 11 May Gorgan, Iran.pp 211. (Conference)
Mamedi, A., Tavakkol Afshari, R. Sepahvand, A.A. and Oweyse, M . 2016. evaluation of various temperatures on Quinoa plant seeds under salinity stress. Iranian Journal of Filed Crop Science, 46(9): 583-589. (In Persian) (Journal)
 
 
McDonald, M.B. 1999. Seed deterioration. Physiology, repair and assessment. Seed Science and Technology, 27: 177- 237. (Journal).
Metzger, J.O. and Bornscheuer, U. 2006. Lipids as renewable resources: current state of chemical and biotechnological conversion and diversification. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 71: 13-22. (Journal)

Mohammad Khani, A., Atar, R.F., Salehi, H. and Hoshmand, S. 2012. Effect of sodium chloride salinity stress on uptake and transport of some elements in three castor masses of castor (Ricinus communis L.). Iranian Journal of Water Research, 7(12): 99-109. (Journal).

Mohammadi, Z., Motallebi Azar, A., Zaare-Nahandi, F., Tarinejad, A. and Gohari, G. 2019. Effect of sodium nitroprusside on growth, physiological and biochemical characters of Solanum tuberosum cv. Agria under salinity stress on in vitro condition. Journal of plant production research, 26(1): 155-167. (In Persian) (Journal)
Mousavi, M., Sadeghi Behnoori, A., Pasban Islam, B. and Mohammadi, H. 2015. Effects of sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus spraying on yield and yield components of castor in water deficit conditions. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology, 9(2): 323- 336. (In Persian) (Journal)
Nabizadeh, M.R. 2002. The effect of salinity on growth and yield of cumin. M.A. Thesis. Mashhad Ferdowsi University. Mashhad. (In Persian)(Thesis)
Nemati, I., Moradi, F., Gholizadeh, S., Esmaeili, M.A. and Bihamta, M. R. 2011. The effect of salinity stress on ions and soluble sugars distribution in leaves, leaf sheaths, and roots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. Plant, Soil and Environment, 57: 26–33. (Journal)
Parihar, P., Singh, S., Singh, R., Pratap Singh, V. and Mohan Prasad, S. 2015. Effect of salinity stress on plants and its tolerance strategies: A review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(6):4056-4075. (Journal)
Rezai Jafarabad, S. Nabavi Kalat, S.M. and Sadrabadi Haghighi, R. 2013. Study of cardinal germination temperatures of Castor Ricinus Communis L under salinity stress, Third National Conference on Medicinal Plants, 15 November, Amol, iran. Pp114. (Conference)
Ricardo, A. 2012. Effects of drought on nutrient uptake and assimilation in vegetable crops. In: Plant responses to drought stress (eds. Raphael, Y., Cardarelli, M., Schwarz, D., Franken, P. and Colla, G. ) Pp. 171-195. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. (Book)
Sá, F.V.D.S., Paiva, E.P.D., Mesquita, E.F.D., Bertino, A.M.P., Barbosa, M.A. and Souto, L.S. 2016. Tolerance of castor bean cultivars under salt stress. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental – Agriambi. 20, 557–563. (Journal)
Safarnejad, A., Colin, H.A., Bruce, K.D. and McNeily, T. 1996. Characterization of alfalfa following in vitro selection for salt tolerance. Euphytica, 92: 55-61.20. (Journal)
Shiro, M., Katsuya,Y., Michio, K., Mitsutaka, T. and Hiroshi, M. 2002. Relationship between the distribution of Na and the damages caused by salinity in the leaves of rice seedling grown under a saline condition. Plant Production. Crop Science, 5: 269-274. (Journal)
Smith, S.E. and Dobrenz, A.K. 1987. Seed age and salt tolerance at germination in alfalfa: Crop Science, 27: 1053- 1058. (Journal)
Toyomasu, T., Tsuji, H., Yamane, H., Nakayama, M., Yamaguchi, I., Murofushi, N., Takahashi, N. and Inoue, Y. 1993. Light effects on endogenous levels of gibberellins in photoblastic lettuce seeds. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 12: 85–90. (Journal)
Ungar, I.A. 1995. Seed germination and seed-bank ecology of halophytes. P599–628, In: Kigel, J. and Galili, G. (eds), Seed development and germination, New York, Marcel and Dekker. (Book)
Xirong, O., Voorthuysen, T.V., Toorop, P.E. and Henkw, M.H. 2002. Seed vigor, aging and osmopriming affect anion and sugar leakage during imbibitions of maize (Zea mays L.) caryopses. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 163(1): 107-112. (Journal)
Zheng, J., Suhono, G.B.F., Li, Y., Jiang, M.Y., Chen, Y. and Siddique, K.H.M. 2021. Salt-Tolerance in Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.) Is Associated with Thicker Roots and Better Tissue K +/Na+ Distribution. Agriculture, 11: 821-839. (Journal)
 
Zhou, G., Ma, B.L., Li, J., Feng, C., Lu, J. and Qin, P. 2010. Determining salinity threshold level for castor bean emergence and stand establishment. Crop Science, 50: 2030–2036. (Journal)
Zushi, K., Matsuzoe, N. and Kitano, M. 2009. Developmental and tissue-specific changes in oxidative parameters and antioxidant systems in tomato fruits grown under salt stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 122:362–368. (Journal)