ارزیابی شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی و فعالیت آنزیم آلفاآمیلاز چهار گونه چمن گرمسیری در واکنش به تنش‌های خشکی و شوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان

10.22124/jms.2023.6170

چکیده

پایداری فضاهای سبز به­ویژه در مناطق خشک و گرمسیری با محدودیت منابع آبی، ایجاب می­کند که از گیاهان مناسب و سازگار با شرایط اقلیمی این مناطق استفاده شود. بنابراین، مطالعه در خصوص گونه­های متحمل به تنش شوری و خشکی جهت احداث فضاهای سبز با رویکرد استفاده بهینه از منابع آب و افزایش بهره‌وری آن، مطالعه در خصوص گیاهان متحمل به تنش خشکی و شوری حائز اهمیت است. این آزمایش به­منظور بررسی اثرات تنش شوری و خشکی بر جوانه­زنی چهار گونه چمن انجام شد. به­منظور بررسی اثرات تنش خشکی (صفر، 2-، 4-، 8- و 16- بار) و شوری (صفر، 2، 4، 8 و 16 دسی­زیمنس بر متر) بر چهار گونه چمن گرمسیری (Buchloe dactyloides، Cynodon dactylon، Zoysia  japonica و Paspalum vaginatom) دو آزمایش جداگانه در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در چهار تکرار، در آزمایشگاه فیزیولوژی گیاهان باغی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان در سال 1399 طراحی و انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که در شرایط بدون تنش و تنش متوسط شوری و خشکی بین چهار گونه چمن گرمسیری مورد بررسی تفاوتی از نظر ویژگی­های بررسی­شده وجود نداشت، در صورتی­که در تنش­های شدید شوری و خشکی گونه P. vaginatom نسبت به سه گونه دیگر برتری داشت. به­گونه­ای که بیشترین سرعت جوانه­زنی با میانگین 8/3 و 6/4 عدد در روز در شدیدترین سطح خشکی و شوری مربوط به گونه P. vaginatom بود. همچنین در تنش شوری و خشکی شدید گونه B. dactyloides کمترین درصد وسرعت جوانه­زنی، کمترین رشد ریشه­چه و ساقه­چه را دارا بود. بررسی میزان فعالیت آنزیم آلفا آمیلاز در بین گونه­های مختلف و تنش شوری و خشکی، نشان داد که بیشترین فعالیت این آنزیم در تمامی گونه­ها در سطح شاهد (بدون اعمال تنش) مشاهده شد. فعالیت آنزیم آلفاآمیلاز در گونه B. dactyloides در تمامی سطوح نسبت به سایر گونه­ها کمتر بود. همچنین در سطوح شدید تنش گونه­یP. vaginatum  فعالیت بالاتری از آنزیم آلفاآمیلاز را نشان داد. بنابراین شانس بیشتری جهت استقرار گیاه و شروع بهره­برداری از امکانات محیط در شرایط تنش خشکی و شوری به آن خواهد بخشید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of germination indices and alpha-amylase activity of four tropical turf grass species in response to drought and salinity stresses

نویسنده [English]

  • Mohammadreza Salehi Salmi
Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Khuzestan, Iran
چکیده [English]

The sustainability of landscapes, especially in arid and sub-tropical areas with limited water resources, requires the use of suitable plants and adapted to the climatic conditions of these areas. Therefore, the study of species tolerant to salinity and drought stress for the construction of landscapes with the approach of optimal use of water resources and increase its productivity, the study of plants tolerant to drought and salinity stress is important. This study was performed to investigate the effects of salinity and drought stress on germination of four turfgrass species. In order to investigate the effects of drought stress (0, -2, -4, -8 and -16 Bar) and salinity (0, 2, 4, 8 and 16 dS/m) on four species of warm-season turfgrass (Buchloe dactyloides, Cynodon dactylon, Zoysia japonica and Paspalum vaginatom) were two separate experiments designed and performed in a completely randomized design with four replications in the Horticulture Physiology Laboratory of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan in 2020. The results showed that in conditions without stress and moderate salinity and drought stress, there was no difference between the four studied tropical grass species in terms of the studied characteristics, while in severe salinity and drought stresses, P. vaginatom ratio It excelled in three other ways. P. vaginatom had the highest germination rate with an average of 3.8 and 4.6 per day in the most severe drought and salinity levels. Also, in severe salinity and drought stress, B. dactyloides had the lowest percentage and germination rate, the lowest root and stem growth. Analysis of alpha-amylase activity among different species and salinity and drought stress showed that the highest activity of this enzyme was observed in all species at the control level (without stress). Alpha-amylase activity was lower in B. dactyloides at all levels than in other species. Also in severe levels of species strain P. vaginatum showed higher activity of alpha-amylase enzyme. Therefore, it will give it a better chance to establish the plant and start exploiting the facilities of the environment in conditions of drought and salinity stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Landscape
  • Osmosis
  • Compatibility
  • Salt
  • Seedlings
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