اثر پرایمینگ و تاریخ کاشت بر برخی ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیک، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد قند در چغندر قند (Beta vulgaris L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران

2 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران

3 بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی همدان، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، همدان، ایران

10.22124/jms.2023.6167

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی تأثیر زمان کاشت و نوع پرایمینگ بذر بر برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیک، عملکرد قند و اجزای عملکرد قند در چغندرقند، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1399 در مزرعه کشاورزی واقع در شهرستان مهاباد اجرا شد. آزمایش به­صورت کرت­های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار بود. سه زمان کاشت (15 اسفند، 15 فروردین و 15اردیبهشت) در کرت­های اصلی و نوع پرایمینگ (اسید سالیسیلیک، هیدروپرایمینگ، کیتوسان و شاهد (عدم پرایمینگ)) در کرت­های فرعی قرار گرفتند. صفات رنگیزه­های فتوسنتزی، محتوی آب نسبی برگ، درصد قند ناخالص، درصد قند خالص، عملکرد ریشه، عملکرد قند ناخالص و عملکرد قند خالص اندازه­گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد بالاترین محتوای کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b و کارتنوئید به زمان کاشت 15 اسفند اختصاص یافت، همچنین پرایمینگ با اسید سالیسیلیک و هیدروپرایمینگ بالاترین محتوای کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b و کارتنوئید را به خود اختصاص دادند. بالاترین محتوی آب نسبی برگ (50/75 درصد) و عملکرد ریشه (1/60 تن در هکتار)، عیار قند (49/19)، درصد قند خالص (02/15)، عملکرد قند خالص (91/10 تن در هکتار) و عملکرد قند ناخالص (31/8 تن در هکتار) به زمان کاشت 15 فروردین و پرایمینگ با اسید سالیسیک اختصاص داشت. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که پرایمینگ با اسید سالیسیلیک و هیدروپرایمینگ در کلیه زمان­های کاشت عملکرد قند خالص را در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد افزایش داده و اثر نامناسب تأخیر در زمان کاشت را بر عملکرد قند خالص تعدیل نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of priming and planting date on some morphological characteristics, white sugar yield and its components of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Touraj Shams Borhan 1
  • Touraj Mir Mahmoodi 2
  • Hamze Hamze 3
1 Ms.c. Student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran
2 Assistant Prof., Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran
3 Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Hamedan, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to study effect of planting date and seed priming on some morphological characteristics, sugar yield and yield sugar yield components of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), An experiment was conducted on a farm land in Mahabad city at 2020 growing season. The experiment design was split plot based on randomized complete block with four replications. planting date (March 5, April 3 and May 4) assigned to main plots, and priming types (Salicylic acid, hydropriming, chitosan and control (no priming)) assigned to sub plots. In this study, the traits of chlorophylla and chlorophyllb content, carotenoids, relative leaf water content sugar content, white sugar content, root yield, sugar yield and white sugar yield were measured. In this study, the highest content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, leaf area index, was allocated to the March 5th planting time. Also, salicylic acid priming and hydropriming had the highest content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, leaf area index. Among the interactions of planting time with priming treatments, the highest relative water content of leaves (75.50%) , root yield (60.1 t / ha), sugar content (19.49), white sugar content (15.02), sugar yield (10.91 tons per hectare) and white sugar yield (8.31 tons per hectare) were allocated to April 3 planting time and priming with salicylic acid.The results also showed that salicylic acid priming and hydropriming at all planting times increased the white sugar yield compared to the control treatment and moderated the adverse effect of delay at planting time on the white sugar yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Salicylic acid
  • Chlorophyll index
  • Hydro priming
  • sugar content
Ahmadi, M., Kamkar, B., Soltani, A., Zeinali, A. and Arabameri, R. 2010. The effect of planting date on duration of phonological phases in wheat cultivars and it's relation with grain yield. Journal of Plant Production (Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources), 7(2): 109-122. (Journal).
Anonymous. 2017. Agricultural statistics: Agricultural Ministry of Iran. From http://dpe.agri-jahad.ir. Bazrafshan, M., Fathollah Taleghani, D. and Ashraf Mansouri, Gh. 2010. Determining the most appropriate date for planting and harvesting new sugar beet cultivars in Fars province, 11th Iranian Congress of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Tehran, https://civilica.com/doc/198913. (Conference)
Bradford K J. 1986, Manipulation of seed water relations via osmotic priming to improve germination under stress conditions. Hort Science. 21: 1105–1112. (Journal)
Campbell, L.G. and Enz, J.W.1991. Temperature effects on sugar beet seedling emergence. Journal of Sugar Beet Research. 28:129-140. (In Persian)
Deihimfard, R. Rahimi Moghadam, S. 2015. Assessing the yield of spring and autumn-sown sugar beet in Mashhad and Neyshabor, Khorasan using a simulation model. ournal of Plant Production Research. 22: 3. 157-180. (In Persian) (Journal)
FAO. 2021. Extent and causes of salt–affected soils in participating countries. Available on URL:http://www.fao.org/ag/AGL/agll/spuch/topic4.htm
Fortune, R.A., Burke, J.I., Kennedy, T., O’and Sullivan, E.1999. Effect of early sowing on the growth, yield and quality of sugar beet. Crops Res. Centre, Oak Park, No 20, 25p.
Franzen, D. W., Anfirud, M, and, Carson, P. 2005. Sugar beet rooting depth. Sugarbeet Research and Extension Reports. 35: 105-108 (Journal).
Ghaderi, N., Normohammadi, S. and Javadi, T. 2015. Morpho-physiological responses of strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa) to exogenous salicylic acid application under drought stress. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 17: 167-178. (Journal)
Gharib, F.A. 2006. Effect of salicylic acid on the growth, metabolic activities and oil content of basil and marjoram. International Journal of Agricultural Biology. 4: 485-492. (Journal)
Ghotbi, A. and Farajzadeh Memarian Tabrizi, E. 2018. Evaluation of seed priming with various dietary solutions at different levels of water stress on physiological characteristics and sugar beet yield of single genetic seed varieties. Environmental Stress in Crop Sciences, 11 (1): 117-126. (In Persian) (Journal)
Hamzei, J., Shayanfard, R. and Fotouhi, K. 2012. The effects of seed priming on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of two sugar beet cultivars. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 2(6): 155- 164 (Journal).
Harris, D. 2001. Development and testing of on-farm seed priming. Advances in Agronomy. 90: 129-178. (Journal) Harris, D. 2001. Development and testing of on-farm seed priming. Advances in Agronomy, 90: 129-178. (In Persian)
Harris, D., Joshi, A. Khan, P. Gothkar, P. and Sodhi, P. 1999. On-farm seed priming in semi-arid agriculture: development and evaluation in maize, rice and chickpea in India using participatory methods. Experimental Agriculture 35: 15-29. (Journal).
Jahani Moghadam, E., Parsa, S., Mahmoudi, S. and Ahmadi, M.2017. The Effects of Planting Date and Cultivar on Yield and the Early Flowering in Autumn Sowing of Sugar Beet Varieties. J. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding. 13: 2. 57-43. Jihad Akbar, M.D., Babaei, B., Basati, J. and Abbasi Z. 2013. Effect of different methods of cultivation in saline lands on sugar beet quality and quantity. Journal of Sugar Beet. 29: 2.189-199. (In Persian) (Journal)
Kheirkhah, M., Farazi, M., Dadkhah, A. and Khoshnood A. 2016. Application of Glycine, Tufool and Salicylic Acid in Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under Drought Conditions. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 10 (1): 167-182. (Journal)
Khoshnejad, N. and Mir Mahmoodi, T. 2021. Study effect of seed priming and transplantation on some morphological characteristics, sugar yield and yield components of sugar beet. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Research, 7 (4): 512-530. (In Persian) (Journal)
Lemaire, S. F., Maupas, P., Cournede, H. and de Reffye, P .2008. "a morphogenetic crop model for sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.), in international Symposium on Crop Modeling and Decision Support" ISCMDS 2008, April 19-22, 2008, Nanjing China (Conference)
Maestrini, C., Fontana, F. Donatelli, M. Bellocchi, G. and Poggiolini, S. 2004. A frame to model specific leaf area in sugar beet. Proceedings of the 8th ESA Congress, pp. 301-302. (Conference)
Pahlavanian Miandoab, S., Dadashi, M. R., Mir Mahmoudi, T., Shahrooghbi, A. and Adjam Norouzi, H. 2021. Study Qualitative and quantitative traits of sugar beet cultivars at different planting times in transplanting and seedling cultivation system in West Azarbaijan area. Journal of Crop Production, 3 (3): 24-40. (In Persian) (Journal)
Pedram, A., Tajbakhsh, M., Fathollah Taleghani, D. and Ghiyasi, M. 2019. The Effect of Different Seed Primings on Some Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 13 (1): 39-56. (In Persian) (Journal)
Rezaei, K., Zare, M. J., Hosseinpanahi, F., Bakhshandeh, A. and Hosseinpour, M. 2020. Investigation of the effect of growth period duration on quality and quantity yield of sugar beet (Beta Vulgaris L.) under autumn cultivation in Ilam provin. Plant Process and Function. 9 (38): 187-200. (Journal)
Rinaldi, M. and Vonella, A.V. 2006. The response of autumn and spring sown sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) to irrgation in Southern Italy: water and radiation use efficiency. Field Crops Research. 95:103-114. (In Persian) (Journal)
Sadrabadi Haghighi, R., Amirmoradi, S. and Mirshahi, A. 2011. Investigation of growth analysis of conventional and commercial sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) varieties at delayed planting date in Chenaran (Khorasan Razavi province). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 9(3), 505-513(In Persian) (Journal)
Sadrabadi Haghighi, R., Amirmoradi, S. and Mirshahi, A. 2011. Investigation of growth analysis of conventional and commercial sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) varieties at delayed planting date in Chenaran (Khorasan Razavi province). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 9(3): 505-513. (In Persian) (Journal)
Stibbe, C., and Marlander, B. 2002. Field emergence dynamics significance to intraspecific competition and growth efficiency in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). European Journal of Agronomy, 17:161- 171. (Journal)
Tahisin ,S. and A. Hali. 2004. Plant density and sowingdate effects on sugar beet yield and Quality. Agronomy Journal, 3(3): 215-218. (Journal) Tajbakhsh, M., Hasanzadeh, A. and Aghaii, R. 2015. The effect of different priming treatments on morphophysiological characteristics and yield of two wheat cultivars under optimal conditions and cessation of irrigation. Applied Agricultural Research, 109: 74-88. (In Persian) (Journal)
Thornton, J. M. and Powell, A. A.1992. Short term aerated hydration for the improvement of seed quality in Brassica oleracea L. Seed Science Research. 2: 41-49. (Journal)
Tognetti, R., Palladino, M., minnocci, A., Delfine, S. and Alvino, A. 2003. The response of sugar beet to drip and low-pressure sprinkler irrigation in southern Italy. Agricultural Water Management. 60: 135-155. (Journal)
Uthairatanakij, A., Teixeira, J.A K. da Silva and Obsuwan. S. 2007. Chitosan for improving orchid production and quality. Orchid Sci. Biotech. 1:1-5 (Journal). Yari, L., Abbasian, A. Oskouei, B. and Adeghi, H. 2011. Effect of seed priming on dry matter, seed size and morphological characters in wheat cultivar. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America. 2(2): 232-238. (Journal).