ارزیابی دورگ‌گیری بین و درون‌گونه‌ای کلن‌های صنوبر Populus nigra و P. deltoides

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 کارشناس محقق پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

10.22124/jms.2022.6142

چکیده

تحقیق حاضر با هدف استفاده از توانمندی ارقام پر محصول معرفی­شده برای تولید دورگ‌های جدید و ارزیابی صفات مورفولوژیک و آناتومیک نهال‌های دورگ بین­گونه‌ای P. nigra و P. deltoides انجام شد. در پروژه حاضر از پایه‌های نر و ماده کلن‌‌های برتر صنوبر نیگرا و دلتوئیدس که به لحاظ عملکرد تولید چوب و کیفیت تنه مناسب، عملکرد مناسبی داشته و به بخش اجرا معرفی شده‌اند، استفاده شد. در زمستان 97 جوانه‌های حامل گل از شاخه‌های گلدار پایه مــاده به­طول حدود 60 الی 100 سانتی‌متر از شاخه‌های انتهایی درخت جدا و در گلدان‌های 20 لیتری حاوی مخلوط خاک، ماسه و کود دامی کاشته شدند. برای تهیه دانه گرده، تعداد کافی از شاخه‌های گل‌دار از شاخه درخت نر هر یک از گونه‌های P. nigra و P. deltoides جدا و در داخل ظرف آب قرار داده شده و با باز شدن شاتون‌های گل نر، گرده‌ها جمع‌آوری شدند. عمل گرده‌افشانی به‌وسیله قلموی آغشته به گرده به‌صورت گرد و غبار انجام شد. پس از رسیدگی کامل کپسول‌ها، خوشه‌ها (کاتکین) جمع‌آوری شده و تمامی کپسول‌های دورگ و آزاد گرده‌افشان سترون شده، به‌صورت شکاف­داده­شده در شرایط محیط کشتMS  ½ فاقـد هورمون، کشت شدند. گیاهچه‌های تولیدشــده در اندازه بلندتر از ۱ تا ۲ سانتی‌متری به جی‌فی‌پات با مخلوطی از پرلیت و پیت‌ماس و ماسه منتقل و در گلخانه‌ نگهداری شدند و مشخصه‌های درصد آلودگی و ارتفاع گیاهچه‌های درون شیشه و تعداد گیاهچه‌های منتقل­شده به جی‌فی‌پات یادداشت شد. پس از سازگاری تدریجی، نهال‌های دورگ به گلدان‌های بزرگ انتقال یافتند و پس از دو سال بر اساس صفات کمی مانند ارتفاع، قطر یقه، شاخه و ‌مشخصه‌های کمی و آناتومی برگ مورد ارزیابی‌ قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که بیش­ترین ارتفاع شاتون، تعداد و وزن کپسول در تلاقی آزادگرده‌افشان وجود داشت. تعداد 28 نتاج از تلاقی‌های مختلف صنوبر به‌دست آمد. بیش­ترین ارتفاع ساقه در تلاقی‌هایPD♀xPS♂ (P. deltoides Marquette x P. deltoides Samsun) و PD♀xPB♂ (P. deltoides Marquette x P. nigra betulifolia 17/13) و بیش­ترین زاویه شاخه، سطح برگ و سطح ویژه برگ در تلاقی آزادگرده‌افشان PD♀ (P. deltoides Marquette) مشاهده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of inter and intra-specific hybridization of clones of Populus nigra and P. deltoides

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Ahmadloo 1
  • Abbas Ghamari Zare 2
  • Mohsen Calagari 2
  • Azadeh Salehi 1
  • Mahdiyeh Salehi Vajdeh Nazari 3
1 Assistant Professor, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
3 Research Expert, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to use the potential of productive cultivars to produce new hybrids and to evaluate the morphological and anatomical traits of hybrid seedlings between P. nigra and P. deltoides. In the present project, the male and female bases of the superior clones of Populus nigra and Populus deltoides were used, which had a high performance in terms of wood production and proper trunk quality, and were introduced to the implementation department. In winter 2018, the flowering branches of the base material with flower-bearing buds about 60–100 cm in length were collected from the end branches of the tree and planted in 20 litre plastic pots consisting of mixture of soil, sand and well-rotted cattle manure. To prepare pollen grains, a sufficient number of flowering branches were separated from the male branches of each of P. nigra and P. deltoides species and placed in a container of water and the pollen was collected by opening the male flower catkins. Pollination was achieved by lightly dusting the receptive flowers with a camel-hair brush. Catkins were collected from the branches when capsules mature and all of sterilized hybrid and open pollination capsules were cultured on Half-MS medium without hormone in the form of splitting. Produced plantlets taller than 1 to 2 cm in size were transferred to jiffypots with a mixture of sterilized perlite and peat moss and sand and kept in greenhouse and the characteristics of the percentage of contamination, height of plantlets and the number of plantlets transferred to jiffypots were recorded. The hybrid seedlings were transferred to large pots after gradual adaptation, and then they were evaluated based on quantitative traits such as height, collar diameter, branch and quantitative characteristics and anatomy of leaves after two years. The results showed that the highest catkins height, number and weight of capsules were in open pollinated cross. A total of 28 progeny were obtained from Populus different crossings. The highest stem height in crosses of PD♀xPS♂ (P. deltoides Marquette x P. deltoides Samsun) and PD♀xPB♂ (P. deltoides Marquette x P. nigra betulifolia 17/13), the maximum branch angle, leaf area and specific leaf area in open pollinated cross of PD♀ (P. deltoides Marquette) was observed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Capsule
  • Culture medium
  • Heritability
  • Hybridization
  • Populus
  • Seedling

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علوم و تحقیقات بذر ایران
دوره 9، شماره 1
فروردین 1401
صفحه 15-26

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