تغییرات سیستم دفاعی گندم بهاره با کاربرد عنصر روی و بذرهای زی‌فزونی‌شده با این عنصر در شرایط تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد تکنولوژی بذر، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیل، اردبیل، ایران

3 استاد گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

تنش خشکی و کمبود عنصر روی همواره به­عنوان مشکلات تاثیرگذار بر عملکرد غلات به­خصوص گندم مطرح بودند. به­منظور تاثیر کاربرد عنصر روی و میزان درونی این عنصر بر روی تغییرات رشدی و سیستم دفاعی گندم در شرایط مختلف رطوبتی پژوهشی به­صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی در دانشگاه اردبیل اجرا و شاخص‌های بیوشیمیایی آن در دانشگاه مراغه در سال 1396 اندازه‌گیری شد. عوامل مورد بررسی در این آزمایش شامل بذور زی‌فزونی­شده، کاربرد عنصر ‌روی و تنش خشکی بودند. نتایج این پژوهش مشخص کرد که برهم‌کنش سه جانبه‌ مورد آزمایش بر روی ارتفاع ساقه، سطح برگ، کلروفیل، فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسیددیسموتاز، آیزوزیم Cu/Zn-SOD، آسکوربات پراکسیداز، کاتالاز و محتوای پراکسید هیدروژن، مالون‌دی‌آلدئید و پرولین در سطح احتمال یک و پنج درصد معنی‌دار بود. با توجه به مقایسات میانگین صورت گرفته بیش­ترین میزان فعالیت آنزیم‌های سوپراکسیددیسموتاز، آیزوزیم Cu/Zn-SOD، آسکوربات پراکسیداز، کاتالاز در شرایط آبیاری در 30 درصد ظرفیت زراعی در تیمار بذور زی‌فزونی­شده به­روش خاکی ثبت گردید که برآیند آن را می‌توان در تعدیل محتوای پراکسید هیدروژن و مالون­دی­آلدئید در این تیمار مشاهده کرد. همچنین بر اساس این نتایج میزان کلروفیل، سطح برگ و ارتفاع گیاه نیز در این تیمار نسبت به تیمار کاربرد بذور عدم زی‌فزونی­شده در شرایط آبیاری در 30 درصد ظرفیت زراعی افزایش معنی‌دار نشان داد. به­عنوان نتیجه نهایی می‌توان چنین اذعان داشت که کاربرد بذور زی‌فزونی­شده به­روش خاکی در کشت‌زارهای مادری به­همراه کاربرد خاکی 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات‌روی در کشت‌زارهای اصلی در شرایط متفاوت رطوبتی، می‌تواند به­عنوان تیمار انتخابی مناسب برای پژوهش در مزرعه معرفی گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Changes in spring wheat defense system using zinc and biofortified seeds with this elementunder drought stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amin Abbasi 1
  • Mahmod Aligholipour sharabyani 2
  • Mohamad Sedgi 3
1 Assistant Professor of Plant Production and Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Maragheh University, Maragheh, Iran
2 M.Sc. Graduate, Plant Production and Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
3 Professor of Plant Production and Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Drought stress and zinc deficiency have always been considered as problems affecting the yield of cereals, especially wheat. In order to influence of zinc application and and its internal amount on growth and defense system in different moisture conditions, a factorial research was conducted based on a completely randomized design at Ardabil University and its biochemical parameters were measured at Maragheh University in 2017. Factors studied included biofortified seeds, application of zinc and drought stress. The results of this study showed that the three-way interaction on stem height, leaf area, chlorophyll, superoxide dismutase activity, Cu/Zn-SOD isozyme, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, proline was significant at 1 and 5% probability levels. According to the mean comparisons, the highest activity of superoxide dismutase, Cu/Zn-SOD isozyme, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase in 30% of field capacity was recorded in the treatment of increased seeds by soil method. The result can be seen in modulating the amount of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in this treatment. Also, based on these results, the amount of chlorophyll, leaf area and plant height in this treatment showed a significant increase compared to the treatment of control seed application in irrigation conditions of 30% of field capacity. As a final result, it can be acknowledged that the application of soil-biofortified seeds in the Registered Seed fields along with the application of 25 kg/ha of sulfate zinc in the main fields in different moisture conditions, can be introduced as a suitable treatment for field research.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ascorbate peroxidase
  • Catalase
  • Hydrogen peroxide
  • Lipid peroxidation
  • Yield
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