ارزیابی تأثیر قارچ‌های بذرزاد روی جوانه‌زنی، سلامت و کیفیت توده‌های بذری بومی رازیانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 موسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

2 موسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

قارچ‌های بذرزاد می‌توانند با تأثیر روی سلامت بذر، منجر به کاهش کیفیت و کمیت محصول شوند. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی و بنیه توده‌های بذر بومی رازیانه، جداسازی و شناسایی قارچ‌های بذرزاد بوده و در ادامه نیز میزان بیماریشد. جدایه‌های قارچی پس از جداسازی و خالص‌سازی، بر اساس ویژگی‌های ریخت‌شناختی و مولکولی، شناسایی شدند. سپس میزان فعالیت آنزیم‌های سلولاز، زایلاناز، پکتیناز و لیپاز به­عنوان اصلی‌ترین فاکتورهای بیماری­زایی ترشح‌شده توسط جدایه‌ها مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. همچنین، پتانسیل بیماری­زایی و قدرت تهاجم جدایه­ها با آزمون بیماری­زایی روی گیاهچه بررسی شد. در مجموع 33 جدایه بر اساس ویژگی‌های ریخت‌شناسی و مولکولی که متعلق به گونه‌های Alternaria alternate و Fusarium oxysporum شناسایی شدند. نتایج آزمون جوانه‌زنی استاندارد نشان داد که در میان توده‌های بومی بذر مورد بررسی، اختلاف معنی‌داری در شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی و بنیه وجود دارد. آلودگی بذر به قارچ‌های بذرزاد به‌طور قابل‌توجهی روی شاخص‌های بنیه و جوانه‌زنی بذر تأثیر گذاشته و موجب کاهش کیفیت بذر می‌شوند. نتایج نشان داد که کم­ترین شاخص‌های بنیه و جوانه‌زنی در توده بذری گلستان و پس از آن به­ترتیب در توده­های بذری همدان، زنجان و کردستان مشاهده شد. نتایج آزمون بیماری­زایی نشان داد که حدود 85 درصد جدایه‌ها بیماری­زا و کم بیماری­زا و 15 درصد جدایه‌های بیماری­زا نبودند. همچنین میزان بیماری­زایی و قدرت تهاجم جدایه‌های مختلف گونه‌های Alternaria و Fusarium متفاوت بود. تجزیه و تحلیل فعالیت آنزیم‌های مخرب دیواره سلولی نشان داد که سلولاز و زایلاناز در مقایسه با پکتیناز و لیپاز اهمیت بیش­تری در بیماری­زایی جدایه‌ها داشته و میزان فعالیت آنزیم‌ها روی میزان بیماری­زایی و قدرت تهاجم جدایه‌ها تأثیر داشت. بنابراین، این یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که میزان فعالیت سلولاز و زایلاناز با میزان تغییرات بیماری­زایی و قدرت تهاجم جدایه‌ها روی گیاهچه مرتبط می‌باشد. این اولین گزارش در مورد شناسایی قارچ‌های بذرزاد رازیانه در توده‌های بذر بومی ایران به­همراه بررسی ارتباط میان میزان بیماری­زایی، قدرت تهاجم و فعالیت آنزیم‌های مخرب دیواره سلولی تولیدشده توسط جدایه‌ها بود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of effect of seed-borne fungi on germination, health and quality of native Fennel seed populations

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nima Khaledi 1
  • Abbas Dehshiri 2
  • Farshid Hassani 2
  • Leila Zare 2
1 Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
2 Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Seed-borne fungi can reduce reduce the quality and quantity of crop by affecting seed health.  The aim of this study were to evaluate the germination and vigor indices of native fennel seed populations, isolate and identify the seed-borne fungi and then pathogenicity, aggressiveness, and activity of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) produced by these isolates were investigated. In order to identify of seed-borne fungi of fennel seed populations from some fields in provinces of Golestan, Zanjan, Kurdistan and Hamedan were sampled according to the International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA). After isolation and purification, fungal isolates were identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Then the enzyme activity of cellulase, xylanase, pectinase and lipase as the main virulence factors secreted by isolates were evaluated. Also, pathogenicity potential and the aggressiveness of isolates were evaluated by pathogenicity test on seedlings. A total of 33 isolates were identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics that belonging to species, Alternaria alternate and Fusarium oxysporum. The results of the standard germination test showed that there was a significant difference among the native seed populations studied in the germination and vigor indices. Seed infected by seed-borne fungi significantly affects germination and vigor indices and reduces seed quality. The results showed that the lowest in the germination and vigor indices were observed by the seed population of Golestan, followed by the seed populations of Hamedan, Zanjan and Kurdistan. The results of pathogenicity test showed that about 85% of the isolates were pathogenic and weakly pathogenic and 15% were non-pathogenic isolates. Also, different levels of pathogenicity and aggressiveness were observed for various isolates of Alternaria and Fusarium species. Analyzing the activity of CWDEs produced by isolates revealed that cellulase and xylanase activities were more than important than pectinase and lipase activities for the pathogenicity of isolates and enzyme activities affects levels of pathogenicity and aggressiveness of isolates. Therefore, these findings suggested that activity levels of cellulase and xylanase are correlated with variation in pathogenicity and aggressiveness of seed-borne fungal isolates on seeding. This is the first report on identify the seed-borne fungi of Iranian native fennel seed populations, together with the investigation of the relationship among the levels of pathogenicity, aggressiveness and the activity of CWDEs produced by isolates.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aggressiveness
  • Cell wall degrading enzymes
  • Cellulase
  • Fennel
  • Pathogenicity
  • Xylanase

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علوم و تحقیقات بذر ایران
دوره 8، شماره 2
تیر 1400
صفحه 113-130

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