ارزیابی شاخص‌های کیفی جوانه‌زنی بذر و رشد گیاهچه مرزنجوش (Origanum vulgare L.) تحت شرایط کشت ارگانیک و شیمیایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 دانشیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

4 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

به­منظور مطالعه ویژگی­های کمی و کیفی بذرهای گیاه دارویی مرزنجوش تحت شرایط کاربرد سیستم­های مختلف تغذیه ارگانیک، شیمیایی و تلفیقی دو آزمایش مزرعه­ای و آزمایشگاهی به­ترتیب در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی و تصادفی با 16 تیمار کودی مختلف در مزرعه تحقیقاتی ساعتلوی ارومیه در بهار سال 1394 به­مدت دو سال اجرا شد. در این آزمایش تیمارها شامل کود NPK، دو نوع کود آلی (ورمی­کمپوست و بیوچار)، دو نوع کود بیولوژیک (نیتروکسین و بیوسوپر­فسفات) و شاهد (بدون مصرف کود) و ترکیب دوتایی آن­ها بود. نتایج اثر متقابل سال در تیمار نشان داد که استفاده از کود بیولوژیک نیتروکسین در سال دوم، عملکرد بذر و بیولوژیک و وزن هزاردانه را تحت تأثیر قرار داد، به­طوری­که بیش­ترین مقدار این صفات به­ترتیب (2577 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، (34279 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و (6160/5 گرم) بود. بیش­ترین مقدار شاخص برداشت نیز در سال اول و از تیمار ورمی­کمپوست (321/20 درصد) به­دست آمد. در این میان تیمار ترکیبی نیتروکسین + بیو­سوپر­فسفات، بیش­ترین تأثیر را نسبت به تیمارهای مصرف جداگانه در افزایش صفات طول گیاهچه (35/3 سانتی­متر)، سرعت جوانه­زنی (107/1084 تعداد در روز)، شاخص بنیه بذر (38/1)، درصد جوانه­زنی (50/93 درصد) و قدرت جوانه­زنی (16 درصد) داشت. همچنین بیش­ترین مقدار صفات وزن تر و خشک گیاهچه در ترکیب تیماری ورمی­کمپوست + نیتروکسین به­ترتیب به مقدار 0052/0 و 0032/0 گرم مشاهده شد. نتایج به­دست آمده نشان داد که استفاده از کودهای بیولوژیک می­تواند باعث افزایش قابلیت جوانه­زنی، رشد و در نتیجه استقرار مناسب گیاه مرزنجوش شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of quality indices of seed germination and seedling growth of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) under chemical and organic farming conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shirin Nikou 1
  • Bahram Mirshekari 2
  • Mahmoud Pooryusef Miandoab 3
  • Varahram Rashidi 1
  • Abdollah Hassanzadeh Ghorttapeh 4
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Islamic Azad University, Urmia Branch, Urmia, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Islamic Azad University, Urmia Branch, Urmia, Iran
4 . Horticulture Crop Research Department, West Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to study the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of oregano herb seeds under the application of various organic, chemical and integrated nutrition systems, an experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of the Saatlo, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Urmia, during two successive seasons of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. This study included two field and laboratory experiments in a complete randomized block design with three replications and completely randomized design with four replications, respectively. The experimental treatments included NPK, two organic (vermicompost and biochar), two biological (nitroxin and bio super phosphate) fertilizers and their all twin combinations and control (non-fertilized). The results showed that the application of organic fertilizers caused a significant increase in all studied traits compared to the control (without fertilizer). The interaction of year and treatments showed that the use of Nitroxin was affected on seed and biological yield and 1000 seed weight in the second year, so that the highest amount of these traits was obtained (2577 kg ha-1), (34279 kg ha-1) and (5.6160 g), respectively. Also, the highest amount of harvest index was obtained (20.321%) of vermicompost treatment in the first year. Nitroxin + Bio super phosphate treatment had the highest effect on germination rate (1084.107 No. day-1), seed vigor index (1.38), germination percentage (93.5%) and germination vigour (16%), compared to separate consumption treatments. Also, the highest amount of fresh and dry weight of seedling was observed in Vermicompost + Nitroxin treatment at 0.0052 and 0.0032 g, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biochar
  • Germination rate
  • Nitroxin
  • Seed vigor index
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