ارزیابی تحمل تنش شوری براساس خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی و مورفوفیزیولوژیک برخی ارقام گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد اصلاح نباتات، گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه اصلاح‌نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور مطالعه اثر تنش شوری بر روی برخی خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی و مورفوفیزیولوژیک ارقام مختلف گندم در مرحله گیاهچه­ای، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در آزمایشگاه تحقیقات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل در سال 1395 اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل تنش شوری در چهار سطح شاهد و 100، 200 و 300 میلی­مولار کلریدسدیم و 11 رقم مختلف گندم نان و یک رقم گندم دوروم بودند. ارقام از نظر تمامی صفات بجز هدایت روزنه­ای دارای اختلاف معنی­دار در سطح یک درصد بودند. همبستگی مثبت و معنی­داری بین درصد جوانه­زنی و سرعت جوانه­زنی و همبستگی منفی و معنی­داری بین فعالیت کاتالاز و مقدار کربوهیدرات در شرایط تنش شوری مشاهده شد. تجزیه به عامل­ها بر اساس تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی و چرخش وریماکس در شرایط بدون تنش شوری و در شرایط تنش شوری (متوسط تنش­ها) هرکدام پنج عامل به­ترتیب 13/87  و 11/83 درصد از تغییرات را تبیین کردند. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه ضرایب عامل نشانگر اهمیت مؤلفه تحمل به تنش شامل مقدار پرولین، فعالیت آنزیم­های آسکوربات پراکسیداز و گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز، طول و تعداد ریشه­چه در گزینش ارقام مطلوب برای شرایط تنش شوری بود. ارقام مورد نظر با استفاده از تجزیه خوشه­ای به­روش وارد در هر دو شرایط عدم تنش و تنش شوری، دو گروه را تشکیل دادند. با توجه به نتایج، می­توان از تلاقی ارقام گروه اول با گروه دوم به­علت حداکثر اختلاف، جهت ایجاد تنوع ژنتیکی استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of salinity stress tolerance based on biochemical and morphophysiological characteristics of some wheat cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Nohtani 1
  • Nafiseh Mahdinezhad 2
1 M.Sc. of Plant Breeding, Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
چکیده [English]

To study the effect of salinity stress on biochemical and morphophysiological characteristics of some wheat cultivars in seedling stage, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, University of Zabol in 2016. The experimental treatments were salt stress at 4 levels (control, 100, 200, 300 mM NaCl) and 11 Bread Wheat cultivars and one cultivar Durum Wheat. The cultivars were significant (P≤0.01) for all studied traits except for stomatal conductance. Simple correlation coefficients between traits showed that There was a positive and significant correlation between germination percentage and germination rate and a negative significant correlation between catalase activity and carbohydrate content in salinity stress conditions. Factor analysis based on principal component analysis and Varimax rotation in non-stress and in salinity conditions (average tensions), Factor analysis was identified five factors for normal and five factors for severe stress conditions that at overall were explained 87.13 and 83.11 % of total variation, respectively. The results of factor analysis showed that stress tolerance component including proline content, ascorbate peroxidase activity, glutathione peroxidase activity, length and number of rootlet were selected for selection of suitable cultivars for salinity stress conditions. The cultivars were classified into two groups using cluster analysis in both conditions of non-stress and salinity stress. According to the results, it could be exploited from genetic diversity in breeding programs, using genotypes of the first and second group in hybridization because of their maximum difference.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant enzymes
  • Leaf potassium
  • Proline
  • Stomatal conductance
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