اثر آللوپاتیک گیاهان بر برخی شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی، فعالیت بیوشیمیایی و آنزیمی علف‌های هرز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران

4 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی اثر آللوپاتی عصاره آبی گیاه سورگوم، اکالیپتوس، آفتابگردان و تنباکو بر برخی شاخص­های جوانه­زنی، بیوشیمیایی و آنزیمی دو علف هرز یولاف وحشی و خردل وحشی، آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی با 3 تکرار، در سال 1396 در آزمایشگاه تکنولوژی بذر دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شاهد، اجرا شد. چهار غلظت (شاهد، 5، 10 و 20 درصد) از چهار گیاه (سورگوم، اکالیپتوس، آفتابگردان و تنباکو) و دو نمونه بذر علف هرز (خردل وحشی و یولاف وحشی) تیمارهای آزمایش بودند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده­ها نشان داد که درصد و سرعت جوانه­زنی، طول گیاهچه، وزن خشک گیاهچه، پراکسیداسیون لیپید و فعالیت کاتالاز دو علف هرز در سطح آماری یک درصد تحت تأثیر غلظت­های متفاوت عصاره آبی گیاهان قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش غلظت عصاره آبی گیاه میزان درصد و سرعت جوانه­زنی، طول گیاهچه، وزن خشک گیاهچه، فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز هر دو علف هرزکاهش یافت، در­حالی­که میزان پراکسیداسیون لیپید آن­ها زیاد شد. در غلظت­های متفاوت عصاره آبی گیاه، علف هرز یولاف وحشی نسبت به خردل وحشی بیش­ترین میزان تأثیرپذیری را داشت و بیش­ترین تأثیر بازدارندگی در غلظت 20 درصد مشاهده شد. غلظت­های متفاوت عصاره آبی سورگوم نسبت به دیگر عصاره آبی گیاهان اثر مهاری بیش­تری بر هر دو علف هرز داشتند به­طوری­که دیده شد غلظت 20 درصد منجر به مهار بیش­تر هردو علف هرز شد و این عصاره آبی بیش­ترین اثر آللوپاتیک را نشان داد که این امر می­تواند نویدی برای تولید علف­کش­های با منشاء طبیعی باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of plants allelopathic on germination, biochemical and enzymic activity of weeds

نویسندگان [English]

  • Arezoo Paravar 1
  • Saeideh Maleki Farehani 2
  • Reyhaneh Sadeghi 3
  • Nasrin Sadat Eisanejad 4
1 Ph.D student of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, College of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
3 MSc student of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
4 MSc Graduated of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of sorghum, eucalyptus, helianthus annuus and nicotiana sylvestris on some germination, biochemical and enzymes of two weeds of avena fatua and sinapis arvensis an experiment was conducted in factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications at in Seed Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Iran in 2018. Four concentrations (control, 5, 10 and 20 percent) from four plants (sorghum, eucalyptus, helianthus annuus and nicotiana sylvestris) and two weed seeds (sinapis arvensis and avena fatua) were the treatments. The results of analysis of variance showed that germination percentage, germination rate, seedling length, seedling dry weight, lipid peroxidation and catalase activity of two weeds at 1% level were affected by different concentrations of aqueous extracts of plants. The results showed that increasing the concentration of aqueous extract of the plant, percent and germination rate, seedling length, seedling dry weight, catalase activity of two weeds decreased however their lipid peroxidation increased. In different concentrations of the aqueous extract of the plant The highest rate was affected avena fatua  the highest influence than sinapis arvensis  and the highest inhibitory affected was observed at a concentration of 20%. Different concentrations of aqueous extract of sorghum compared to other aqueous extracts of plants had a greater inhibitory affected on weeds, so that 20% concentration resulted in more inhibition of both weeds. This aqueous extracts showed the most allelopathic effect, which could be a promising way to produce herbal extracts of natural origin.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Allelopathic
  • Catalase Enzyme
  • Lipid Peroxidation
  • Seed Germination
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