بررسی اثر سلنیم بر خسارات ناشی از عناصر‌سنگین در جوانه‌زنی، رشد و فعالیت‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی گیاهچه خیار(Cucumis sativus L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم باغبانی،دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات،دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج

چکیده

سلنیم عنصری سودمند با خواص آنتی­اکسیدانی و آنتی­ویروسی که باعث افزایش رشد و تحمل گیاهان در شرایط تنش­های محیطی می­شود.در این پژوهش تاثیر کاربرد سلنیم در شرایط تنش ناشی از عناصر­سنگین در گیاه خیار((Cucumis sativus L. cv Super Dominus بررسی گردید. به این منظور پژوهشی در دو مرحله آزمایش جوانه­زنی به صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام پذیرفت. آزمایش اول با هدف تعیینسطحبهینهتاثیرسلنیموسطوحآستانهسمیتفلزات­سنگیندرگیاه­خیاربا سطوح تیمارسلنیم ( 0، 4، 6، 8، 10 میلی­گرمبرلیترازمنبعسلناتسدیم) کادمیوم (0، 10، 15، 20، 25 میکرومولارازمنبعکلرید­کادمیوم) نیکل (0، 50، 100، 150، 200 میکرومولارازمنبعکلرید­نیکل) وسرب (0، 20، 40، 60، 100 میکرومولارازمنبعکلرید­سرب) صورتپذیرفت. تیمارها در آزمایش دوم شامل دو سطح سلنیم (0، 8 میلی­گرم بر لیتر) و سطوح سمی عناصر سنگین شامل کادمیوم (0 ، 25 میکرومولار)، نیکل (0، 200 میکرومولار) و سرب (0، 100 میکرومولار) بود.  صفات اندازه گیری شده در این بررسی شامل درصد و سرعت جوانه­زنی، طول ساقه­چه و ریشه­چه، وزن تر و خشک گیاهچه،  شاخص پایداری غشاء سلولی، محتوای نسبی آب بافت، محتوای مالون­دی­آلدئید و سه آنزیم آنتی­اکسیدانی بود. نتایج نشان داد که حضور عناصر­سنگین در محیط­کشت باعث کاهش معنی­دار شاخص­های جوانه­زنی بذر خیار گردید ولی کاربرد سلنیم باعث بهبود در سرعت و در صد جوانه­زنی، افزایش طول ساقه­چه و ریشه­چه و وزن­ تر و خشک گیاهچه شد. سلنیم باعث افزایش معنی­دار پایداری غشاء سلولی و کاهش میزان شاخص مالون­دی­آلدئید در شرایط تنش گردید. همچنین تیمار با سلنیم در شرایط سمیت فلزات­سنگین باعث بهبود چشمگیر فعالیت آنتی­اکسیدانی و افزایش میزان فعالیت آنزیم­های کاتالاز، گایاکول پراکسیداز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز در برگ گردید. در کل نتایج نشان داد که سلنیم از طریق بهبود شاخص­های جوانه­زنی و فعالیت آنتی­اکسیدانی باعث کاهش خسارات ناشی سمیت عناصر سنگین در گیاهچه خیار می­گردد

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of selenium on damage of heavy metals in germination, growth and antioxidant activities ofcucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedling

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hosein Aroei 1
  • Leila Shekari 1
  • Amin Mirshekari 2
1 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Yasouj
چکیده [English]

Selenium is a beneficial element with antioxidant and antivirus function and it can increase plant growthand tolerance to environmental stress.Inthis study, the effects of selenium in stress conditions caused by heavy metals cadmium, nickel and lead in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv Super Dominus) was investigated.The research was conducted using a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement in three replications for two germination tests .The first experiment was carried out to determine the optimal effectiveness of selenium and heavy metal toxicity threshold levels, Which contains levels of selenium (0, 4, 6, 8, 10 mgL-1) from sodium selenate, cadmium (0, 10, 15, 20, 25 µM) from cadmium chloride, nickel (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 µM) from nickel chloride and lead (0, 20, 40, 60, 100 µM) from lead chloride sources. The second experiment were consisted of two levels of selenium (0, 8 mgL-1) and toxicity threshold levels of heavy metals, including cadmium (0, 25 µM), nickel (0, 200 µM) and lead (0, 100 µM) treatments.The results showed that the germination index was significantly reduced as presence of toxic concentrations of heavy metals in the medium of cucumber seed germination. However, the application of selenium was improves the rate and percentage of germination, increase the length of shoot and root and seedling wet and dry weight in stress condition.Selenium was significantly increased cell membrane stability and decrease malondialdehyde under stress condition.Selenium improved antioxidant activity and increase activity of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase enzyms in heavy metal toxicity condition .In general, the results of this study showed that the optimum concentration of selenium was reduces symptoms of toxicity due to the presence of heavy metals incucumber seedgermination mediumas  improving germination, growth and antioxidant activity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Germination
  • cadmium
  • nickel
  • lead
  • selenium
  • cucumber
Ahmad, M.S.A., Hussain, M., Ashraf, M., Ahmad, R. and Ashraf, M.Y. 2009. Effect of nickel on seed germinability of some elite sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41: 1871-1882. )Journal)
Akbulut, M. and Cakir, S. 2010. The effects of se phytotoxicity on the antioxidant systems of leaf tissues in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedling. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 48: 160-166. )Journal)
Alloway, B.J. 1990. Heavy Metals in Soils. John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York, PP: 20-27. )Book)
Amoii, A., Nadafi, K. and Mahvi, A.H. 2011. Effect of chemical additives on the absorption and accumulation of lead and cadmium in the north of native plants. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 21(86): 124-116. (In Persian))Journal)
Antoniadis, N. and Alloway, B.J. 2001. Availability of Cd, Ni and Zn to rye grass in seawage sludge treated soil at different temperatures. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 132: 201–204. )Journal)
Arzoo, A., Kumar, S., Ashirbad, N., Kunja, M. and Satapathy, B. 2014. Impact of nickel on germination, seedling growth and biochemical changes of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam) verdc. International Journal of Biosciences, 5(9): 321-331. )Journal)
Baccouch, S., Chaoui, A. and El Ferjani, E. 2001. Ni toxicity induced oxidative damage in Zea mays roots. Journal of Plant Nutriation, 24: 1085-1097. )Journal)
Bahman ziari, H., Khoshgoftarmanesh, A.H., Sanaii ostovar, A., Shirvani, M. and Haghighi, M. 2012. Effect of different levels nickel in nutrient solution containing ammonium nitrate on peroxidation of lipids and antioxidant enzyme activity of cucumber leaves. Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture, 3(12): 91-103. )Journal)
Barcelo, L. and Poschenriedr, C. 1990. Plant water relations as affected by heavy metal stress: A reaview. Journal of Plant Nutriation, 13: 1-37. )Journal)
Bhardwaj, P., Chaturvedi, A.K. and Prasad, P. 2009. Effect of enhanced lead and cadmium in soil on physiologicaland biochemical attributes of (Phaselous vulgaris L.). Nature and Science, 7(8): 63-75. )Journal)
Barbara, H. 2009. Beneficial effects of exogenous selenium in cucumber seedlings subjected to salt stress. Journal Biological Trace Element Research, 132: 259–269. )Journal)
Barket, A., Rani, I., Hayat, S. and Ahmad, A. 2007. Effect of 4-cl-indul-3-aceticacid on seed germination of cicer arientium exposed to cadmium. Acta Botanica Croatica, 66(1): 57-65. )Journal)
Barrientos, E.Y., Flores, C.R., Wrobel, K. and Wrobel, K. 2012. Impact of cadmium and selenium exposure on trace elements, fatty acids and oxidative stress in Lepidium sativum. Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society, 56(1): 3-9. )Journal)
Benavides, M.P., Gallego, S.M. and Tomaro, M.L. 2005. Cadmium toxicity in plant. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 17(1): 21-34. )Journal)
Blinda, A., Koch, B., Ramanjulu, S. and Dietz, K.J. 1997. De novo synthesis andaccumulation of apoplast proteins in leaves of heavy metal exposed barley seedlings. Journal Plant Cell and Environment, 20: 969-981. )Journal)
Chehegani, A. and Malayeri, B. 2007. Removal of heavy metals by native accumulation plants. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 9(3): 462-465. )Journal)
Comba, M.E., Benavides, M.P. and Tomaro, M.L. 1998. Effect of salt stress on antioxidant defence system in soybean root nodules. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 25: 665-671. )Journal)
Costa, G. and Moral, J.L. 1994. Water relation, gas exchenge and amino acide content in Cd-treated lecttuce. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 32: 561-570. )Journal)
Dajnaguiraman, M., Prasad, P.V.V. and Seppanen, M. 2010. Selenium protect sorghum leaves from oxidative damage under high temperature stress by enhancing antioxidant defence system. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 48: 999-1007. )Journal)
Dajanaguiraman, M., Durga Devi, D., Shanker, A.K., Annie Sheeba, J. and Bangarusamy, U. 2005. Selenium an antioxidative protectant in soybean during senescence. Plant and Soil, 272: 77–86. )Journal)
Dixon, N.E., Gazzola, C., Blakeley, R.L. and Zermer, B. 1975. Jack bean urease (EC 3.5.1.5). A metalloenzyme. A simple biological role for nickel. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 97: 4131-4133. )Journal)
 
Duman, F. and Turk, F. 2009. Nickel accumulation and its effect on biomass, protein content and antioxidative enzymes in roots and leaves of watercress. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 24: 526-532. )Journal)
Ekiz, H. and A. Yilmaz. 2003. Determination of the salt tolerance os some barley genotype and the characteristics affecting tolerance .Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 27: 253-260. )Journal)                                                                      
Esfandiari, A., Vahdati rad, A., Shekarpor, M. and Shekari, F. 2012. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity of the moratorium on the growth and antioxidant system in wheat. Journal of Environmental Research, 25(4): 589-598. )Journal)
Eskandari Zanjani, K., Shirani Rad, A.H., Naeemi, M., Moradi Aghdam, A. and Taherkhani, T. 2012. Effects of zeolite and selenium application on some physiological traits and oil yield of medicinal Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) under drought stress. Current Research Journal of Biological Science, 4(4): 462-470. )Journal)
Farokh, S., Mosa, A.A., Taha, A.A., Ibrahim, H.M. and Gahmary, A.M.E. 2011. Protective effect of humic acid and on Radish (Raphanuse satvius L. Var. Sativing) plant subjected to cadmium stress. Journal of Stress Phsiology and Biochemistry, 7: 99-116. )Journal)
Filek, M., Gzyl-marlcher, B., Zembala, M., Bednarska, E., Laggner, P. and Kriechbaum, M. 2010. Effect of selenium on characteristics of rape chloroplast modified by cadmium. Journal of Plant Physiology, 167: 28-33. )Journal)
Frias, J., Gulewicz, P., Martínez-Villaluenga, C., Pilarski, C., Blazquez, E., Jiménez, B., Gulewicz , K. and Vidal-Valverde, C. 2009. Influence of germination with different Selenium solutions on nutritional value and cytotoxicity of Lupin Seeds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57 (4): 1319–132. )Journal)
Ghasemi, Z. and Shahabi, A.A. 2010. Effect of potassium and zinc on physiological and growth characteristics of tomato under cadmium stress in soilless culture systems. Journal of Science and Technology Greenhouse, 1(4): 1-11. )Journal)
Gomes-Junior, R.A., Moldes, C.A., Delite, F.S., Gratao, P.L., Mazzafera, P., Lea, P.J. and Azedevo, R.A. 2006. Nelicits a fast antioxidant response in Coffea arabica cells. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 44: 420-429. )Journal)
Habibi, G. 2013. Effect of drought stress and Selenium spraying on photosynthesis and antioxidant activity of spring barley. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, 101(1): 31–39. )Journal)
Hajiboland, R. and Keivanfar, N. 2012. Selenium supplementation stimulates vegetative and reproductive growth in canola (Brassica napus L.) plants. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, 99(1): 13–19. )Journal)
Halajnia, A., Lakzaban, A., Haghnia, G.H and Ramezanian, A. 2009. Effect of iron on the absorption cadmium in sunflower and corn. Journal of Soil and Water (Agricultural Science and Technology), 23(2): 37-30. )Journal)
Han-Wens, S., Jing, H., Shu-Xuan, L. and Wei-Jun, K. 2010. Protective role of Selenium on garlic growth under Cadmium stress. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 41: 1195-1204.)Journal)
Hassan, I., Iqbal, M., Qurat-ul-Ain, S., Rasheed, R., Mahmood, S., Perveen, A. and Wahid, A. 2012. Cadmium dose and exposure-time dependuct alteration in growth and physiology of maize (Zea mays(. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 14(6): 959-964. )Journal)
Hasanuzzaman, M., Hossain, M.A. and Fujita M. 2012. Exogenous Selenium pretreatment protects rapeseed seedlings from cadmium-induced oxidative stress by upregulating antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal detoxification systems. Biological Trace Element Research, 149: 248–261. )Journal)
Hawkesford, M.J. and Zhao, F.J. 2007. Strategies for increasing the selenium content of wheat. Journal of Cereal Science, 46(3): 282-292. )Journal)
Heath, R.L. and Packer, L. 1968. Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts. I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 125: 189-198. )Journal)
Hoshmandfar, A. and Moraghebi, F. 2011. Effect of mixed cadmium, copper, nickel and zinc onseed germination and seedling growth of safflower. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6 (5): 1182-1187. )Journal)
Issa, AA. and Adam, M.S. 1999. Influence of selenium on toxicity of some heavy metals in the green alga Scenedesrnus obliquus.  Folia Microbiologika, 44: 406-410. )Journal)
 
 
Jahid, A.M., Kumar, S., Thakur, P., Sharma, S., Kau Raman Preet, N., Kaur, D.P., Bhandhari, K., Kabata-Pendias, A. and Pendias, H. 2001. Cadmium. PP. 143-157. In: Kabata-Pendias, A. and H. Pendias (Eds.).Trace Elements in Soils and Plants, 3rd Ed. CRC Press. Boca Raton. FL. )Handbook)
Jaja, F.T. and Odoemena, C.S.I. 2004. Effect of Pb, Cu and Fe compounds on the jermination and early seedling growth of tomato variation. Journal of Applied Science and Enviromental Management, 8(2): 51-53. )Journal)
Kaffi, M., Borzoii, A., Salehi, M., Kamandi, A., Masoomi, A. and Nabati, G. 2009. Environmental stress in plant physiology. Mashhad University Jihad Publication. )Book)
Kabir, M., Iqbal, M.Z., Shafigh, M. and Faroogi, Z.R. 2008. Reduction in germination and seedling growth of Thespesia populnea L. caused by lead and cadmium treatments. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40(6): 2419-2426. )Journal)
Kastori, R., Petrović, N., Gašić, O. and Janjatović, V. 2012. Uticaj olova na akumulaciju i distribuciju mi neralnih materijau soji (Glycine max.(L.) Merr.). Proceedings for Natural Sciences, Srpska, 80: 55–65. )Journal)
Khalighi Jamal Abad, A. and Khara, G. 2008. Effect arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus intraradices on oxidative stress and some developmental and physiological parameters in wheat under cadmium toxicity Azar2. Iranian Journal of Biology, 21(5): 769-783. )Journal)
Khavari nezhad, R., Goshegir, Z. and Saadatmand, S. 2010. Effect of interaction selenium and molybdenum on photosynthetic pigments in tomato leaves Lycopersicom esculentum Mill. Journal of Plant Science, 17(1): 23-14. )Journal)
Khodarahmi, S., Khoshgoftarmanesh, A.H. and Mobli, M. 2012. The effect of silicon on reducing damage caused by cadmium toxicity in cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.) in the vegetative stage. Journal of Science and Technology of greenhouse Plantation, 3(11): 110-103. )Journal)
Khoshgoftarmanesh, A.H. 2010. Advanced topics in plant nutrition. Isfahan, Isfahan University Publication Center. )Book)
Kolelia, N., Ekerb, S. and Cakmak, I. 2004. Effect of zinc fertilization on cadmium toxicity in durum and bread wheatgrown in zinc-deficient soil. Environment Pollution, 131: 453- 459. )Journal)
Kong, L., Wang, M. and Dongling, B. 2005. Selenium modulates the activities of antioxidant enzymes, osmotic homeostasis and promotes the growth of sorrel seedlings under salt stress. Plant Growth Regulation, 45: 155–163. )Journal)
Krantev, A., Yordanova, R. and Popova, L. 2006. Salicylic acid decreases decreases Cd toxicity in maize plants. Plant Physiology, Special Issue: 45-52. )Journal)
Kuznetsov, V.V., Kholodova, V.P. and Yagodin, B.A. 2003. Selenium regulates the waterstatus of plants exposed todrought. Doklady Biolological Science, 390: 266-268. )Journal)
MadhavaRao, K.V. and Srestry, T.V.S. 2000. Antioxidative parameters in the seedlings of pigeon pea (Cacanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh) in response to Zn and Ni stresses. Plant Science, 157: 113–128. )Journal)
Lin, L., Zhou, W., Dai, H., Cao, F., Zhang, G. and Wu, F. 2012. Selenium reduces cadmium uptake an mitigates cadmium toxicity in rice. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 235-236: 343-351. )Journal)
Lyons, G.H., Genc, Y., Soole, K., Stangoulis, J.C.R., Liu, F. and Graham, R.D. 2008. Selenium increases seed production in Brassica. Plant Soil, 10.1007/s 11104-008-9818. )Journal)
Michalak, A. 2006. Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in plants growing under heavy metal stress. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 15: 523-530. )Journal)
Mihalescu, L., Mare-Rosca, O.E., Marian, M. and Blidar, C.F. 2010. Research on the growth intensity of the Zea mays L. plantlets aerial parts under Cadmium treatment. Analele Universitatii din Oradea, Ed. Universitatii din Oradea, Tom XVII/1. ISSN 1224 – 5119, pp:147-151. (Book)
Molassiotis, A., Satipoulos, T., Tanou, G., Diamantidis, G. and Therios, I. 2005. Boron–induced oxidative damage and antioxidant and uncleolytic responses in shoot tips culture of apple rootstock EM9 (Malus domestica Borkh.). Environmental and Experimental Botany, 56: 54-62. )Journal)
Nakano, Y. and Asada, K. 1981. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant and Cell Physiology, 22(5): 867-880. )Journal)
Prasad, P.V.V., Pisipati, S.R., Mutava, R.N. and Tuinstra, M.R. 2008. Sensitivity of grain sorghum to high temperature stress during reproductive development. Crop Science, 48: 1911–1917. )Journal)
 
Radha, J., Srivastava, S., Solomon, S., Shrivastava, A.K. and Chandra, A. 2010. Impact of excess zinc on growthparameters cell division, nutrient accumulation, photosynthetic pigments and oxidative stress of sugarcane (Saccharum spp). Acta Physiology Plant, 32: 979-986. )Journal)
Rudolf, R.K., Ivana, V., Maksimović, O.T.D. and Marina, I.P. 2012. Effect of lead contamination of maize seed on its biological properties. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Matica Srpska Novi Sad, № 123, 75-82. )Conference)
Saffaryazdi, A., Lahouti, M., Ganjeali, A. and Bayat, H. 2012. Impact of selenium supplementation on growth and selenium accumulation on spinach (Spinacia oleraceae L.) plants. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 4: 95-100. )Journal)
Saffaryazdi, A., Lahouti, M. and Ganjali, A. 2012. Effect of different concentrations of selenium on morphophysiological characteristics on spinach Spinacia oleraceae. Journal of Horticultural Science (Agricultural Science and Technology), 26 (3): 300-292. )Journal)
Sally, A.M. and Mervet, E.S. 2011. Some antioxidants application in relation to lettuce growth, chemical constituents and yield. Australian. Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(6): 127-135. )Journal)
Shafiq, M., Iqbal, M.Z. and Athar, M. 2008. Effect of lead and cadmium germination and seedling growth of Leucaena leucocephala. Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 12(2): 61-66. )Journal)
Sharifi, P., Matlabi, A., Hadi, H. and Mohamad Alipor, H. 2010. Effect of different concentrations cadmium chloride on germination, growth parameters and soluble protein in seedling of lentils. The First National Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Healthy Crop Production, Agricultural and Natural Resources Investigation Center in Isfahan, http://www.civilica.com/Paper-SACP01-SACP01_269.htm. )Conference)
Shri, M., Kumar, S., Chakrabarty, D., Trivedi, P.K., Mallic, S. and Misra, P. 2009. Effect of arsenic on growth, oxidative stress, and antioxidant system in rice seedlings. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 72: 1102-1110. )Journal)
Soleimanzadeh, H. 2012. Response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to selenium application under water stress. World Applied Sciences Journal, 17 (9): 1115-1119. )Journal)
Soltani, F., Ghorbangholi, M. and Manochehri Kalantari, K. 2006. Effect of cadmium on photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrates and malondialdehyde in canola (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Environmental Research, 19(2): 136-145. )Journal)
Verma, S.H. and Dubey, R.S. 2003. Lead toxicity induces lipid peroxidation and alters the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice plants. Plant Science, 164: 645-655. )Journal)
Wu, F., Zhang, G. and Dominy, P. 2003.  Four barley genotypes respond differently to cadmium: Lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant capacity. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 50: 67-78. )Journal)
Yan-de, J., Zhen-li, H.E. and Xiao-e, Y. 2007. Role of soil rhizobcteria inphytoremidiation of heavy metal comtaminated soil. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, 8: 192-207. (In Persian))Journal)