ارزیابی اثر مقادیر مختلف کود شیمیایی، زغال زیستی و قارچ تریکودرما در گیاه مادری بر مولفه‌های جوانه‌زنی بذر ذرت هیبرید KSC 704 تحت آزمون پیری تسریع‌شده

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، گرگان

2 دانشگاه کشاورزی جیرفت، کرمان

3 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

آزمون پیری‌تسریع‌شده یکی از مهم‌ترین آزمون‌های مورد استفاده برای ارزیابی پتانسیل فیزیولوژیک بذور تولیدشده می‌باشد. این آزمایش جهت بررسی اثر تیمار‌های مختلف کود، زغال زیستی حاصل از بقایای عدس و قارچ تریکودرما در گیاه مادری بر جوانه‌زنی و سایر مولفه‌های جوانه‌زنی گیاهچه‌های بذر ذرت (هیبرید KSC 704) تحت آزمون پیری تسریع‌شده، به صورت اسپلیت پلات فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه نمونه شهرستان جیرفت در سال 1395 اجرا شد. چهار سطح کود (NPK) به­ترتیب (شاهد (بدون کود)،30 درصد،70 درصد و 100 درصد توصیه کودی منطقه به­میزان (اوره 400، سوپرفسفات ترپیل 100 و پتاس 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به­عنوان فاکتور اصلی و دو سطح استفاده و عدم استفاده از زغال زیستی (20 تن در هکتار) و سه سطح قارچ تریکودرما؛ شامل (شاهد (بدون قارچ)، Trichoderma atroviride و (Trichodema harzianum به­عنوان فاکتورهای فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که جوانه‌زنی و شاخص جوانه‌زنی تحت تأثیر پیری تسریع‌شده کاهش یافتند. همچنین استفاده از زغال زیستی، گونه‌ تریکودرما و سطوح مختلف کودی بر درصد گیاهچه عادی، سرعت جوانه‌زنی، شاخص بنیه طولی گیاهچه و شاخص بنیه وزنی گیاهچه تحت تنش پیری اثر معنی‌داری داشتند و حداکثر کیفیت بذر تحت شرایط زغال زیستی، قارچ Trichodema  harzianum و سطح کودی 70 درصد حاصل شد. با توجه به­نتایج به­دست آمده در تیمارهای شاهد (عدم مصرف کود) و مصرف کود (30، 70 و 100 درصد توصیه کودی) تیمارهای مورد استفاده کمیت مصرف کود را تحت تأثیر قرار نمی‌دهند، اما کارایی مصرف کود را افزایش می‌دهند همچنین استفاده از زغال زیستی، سطوح کودی مختلف و نوع قارچ باعث افزایش کیفیت و مرغوبیت بذور تولیدشده روی بوته مادری نسبت به شرایط شاهد شد

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of the effect of different chemical fertilizers, biochar and Trichoderma fungi treatments at mother plant on germination and other hybrid corn KSC 704 seed germination components in maternal growth under accelerated aging test.

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Ahmad Yousefi 1
  • Behnam Kamkar 1
  • Mahdiyeh Amiri Nezhad 2
  • Javid Gharekhloo 3
1 Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource
2 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft
3 Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources
چکیده [English]

Accelerated aging test is the most important test used to evaluate the physiological potential of seeds of various species and provides related information about their adaptability degree.In this research, the effect different fertilizer, biochar and Trichoderma fungus treatments was investigated on germination and other seed germination components of corn KSC 704 under accelated aging test,This experiment was conducted as  split–plot factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications to determine the changes in maize’s seed quality on the parent plant at Jiroft's Nemooneh Field in 2016. The main factor was four levels of fertilizers NPK respectively representing the control (no Fertilizer), 30%, 70%,and 100% of recommended value (Urea 400, superphosphate trepil 100 and potash 150 kgha-1), while biochar(with biochar and no biochar) (20 kgha-1),and three strains of control (no Trichoderma) and Trichoderma (Trichoderma atroviride and Trichodema harzianum) were assigned to sub plots. To assess the quality of maize seeds KSC.704 hybrid produced on the parent plant, accelerated ageing test (including normal seedling percentage, germination rate, seedling length and weight) were performed. The results showed that utilization of biochar, Trichoderma strains and fertilizer levels significantly affected normal seedling percentage,MGT, seedling length vigor index and seedling weight vigor index in accelerated ageing test and the highest seed quality was obtained via combined treatment of using biochar, Trichoderma (Trichodema harzianum) and 70% of the recommended fertilizer dose. According to the results obtained in the control treatments (no fertilizer) and fertilizer application (as 30, 70 and 100% of recommended fertilizer dose,Trichoderma and biochar treatments did not affect the amount of fertilizer used, but increased the fertilizer use efficiency

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Corn
  • Germination
  • Seed deterioration
  • Seed vigor
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