تغییرات جوانه‌زنی و شاخص‌های رشد گاوزبان (Borago officinalis L.) در واکنش به پیش‌تیمار بذر و فواصل مختلف آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی جوانه­زنی بذر، سبز شدن گیاهچه و تغییرات شاخص­های رشد گیاه گاوزبان در واکنش به پیش­تیمار بذر و محدودیت آب، آزمون­های آزمایشگاهی به­صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار و آزمایش مزرعه­ای به­صورت کرت­های خرد شده بر پایه­ طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1391 اجرا گردیدند. تیمارهای آبیاری (I1، I2، I3، I4: به­ترتیب آبیاری پس از 60، 90، 120 و 150 میلی­متر تبخیر از تشتک کلاس A) و پیش­تیمار بذر (P0: بدون پیش­تیمار، P1: پیش­تیمار با آب، P2: پیش­تیمار با نیترات پتاسیم 100 میلی­مولار و P3: پیش­تیمار با دی هیدروفسفات پتاسیم 100 میلی­مولار) به­ترتیب در کرت­های اصلی و فرعی قرار گرفتند. بر اساس نتایج به­دست آمده، پیش­تیمار آبی بذر گاوزبان، میانگین سرعت جوانه­زنی و رشد گیاهچه را به­ترتیب 9/15 و 6/22 درصد افزایش داد. سرعت سبز شدن گیاهچه­های گاوزبان هم تحت تیمارهای مختلف بذری حدود هفت درصد بهبود یافت. در مرحله رویشی، شاخص سطح برگ گیاهان حاصل از بذرهای پیش­تیمار شده با آب مقطر، KNO3 و KH2PO4 به­ترتیب 8/22، 7/39 و 1/16 درصد بیشتر از تیمار شاهد بود. در مرحله گلدهی، با کاهش شاخص سطح برگ از اتلاف آب گیاهان تحت شرایط کمبود آب کاسته شد. همه تکنیک­های پیش­تیمار بذر، به­ویژه پیش­تیمار آبی، شاخص سطح برگ را در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب از طریق افزایش سرعت سبز شدن گیاهچه بهبود بخشید. تجمع ماده خشک، سرعت رشد نسبی و سرعت رشد گیاه گاوزبان با افزایش فواصل آبیاری کاهش یافت، با این­حال، دوره رشد گیاهان حاصل از بذرهای پیش­تیمار شده طولانی­تر از گیاهان حاصل از بذرهای تیمار نشده بود که به تولید گیاهانی بزرگ­تر در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب منجر شد

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Changes in germination and growth indices of borage (Borago officinalis L.) in response to seed priming and different irrigation intervals

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soheila Dastborhan
  • Kazem Ghasemi Golezani
  • Farhood Yeganehpoor
University of Tabriz
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate seed germination, seedling emergence and changes in growth indices of borage in response to seed priming and water limitation, laboratory tests were laid out as completely randomized design with four replicates and field experiment was carried out as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2012. Irrigation treatments (I1, I2, I3 and I4: irrigation after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm evaporation from class A pan, respectively) and seed priming methods (P0: unprimed, P1: hydro-priming, P2: priming with 100 mM KNO3, P3: priming with 100 mM KH2PO4 for 8 h at 15±1°C) were allocated to main and sub plots, respectively. Results indicated that seed hydro-priming increased germination rate and seedling dry weight of borage by 15.9% and 22.6%, respectively. Emergence rate of borage seedlings was also improved about 7% under different seed treatments. At vegetative stage, leaf area index of plants from seeds primed with water, KNO3 and KH2PO4 was 22.8, 39.7 and 16.1% higher than that of unprimed seeds. At flowering stage, water loss of the plants decreased under water deficit conditions by reducing the leaf area index. All priming techniques, especially hydro-priming, improved leaf area index, particularly under well watering, through increasing seedling emergence rate. Dry matter accumulation, relative growth rate and crop growth rate decreased with increasing irrigation intervals. However, growth duration of plants from primed seeds was longer than those from unprimed seeds, leading to the production of larger plants under well watering.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Borage
  • Drought stress
  • Dry matter
  • Growth rate
  • Leaf area
  • Seed priming
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