تأثیر زمان برداشت برخصوصیات کمی و کیفی بذر بارهنگ‌کبیر (L. Plantago major)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 ریس پژوهشکده علوم گیاهی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

زمان برداشت بذر یکی از مهمترین عوامل موثر بر کیفیت آن است. به منظور تعیین زمان برداشت بر کمیت و کیفیت بذر بارهنگ کبیر آزمایشی در دو مرحله در دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد انجام شد. در مرحله اول شش اکوتیپ بارهنگ (بیرجند، قائن، تربت حیدریه، مشهد، کلات و بجنورد) کشت و سنبله گیاهان در شش مرحله (15، 30، 45، 60، 75 و 90 روز پس از 50 درصد گرده­افشانی) برداشت و سپس جوانه‌زنی بذرها در آزمایشگاه بررسی شد. تعداد سنبله در بوته و طول آن پس از 50 درصد گرده­افشانی افزایش یافت و به ترتیب در 75 و 60 روز پس از آن به حداکثر رسید. اکوتیپ کلات کمترین تعداد و کوتاهترین سنبله­ها را داشت، در صورتی که اکوتیپ­های بیرجند و بجنورد سنبله­های بلندتری را تولید کردند. در اکوتیپ کلات و بجنورد حداکثر وزن بذر در سنبله 90 روز پس از 50 درصد گرده­افشانی بدست آمد، درحالی­که سایر اکوتیپ­ها در 75 روز پس از 50 درصد گرده­افشانی حداکثر وزن بذر در سنبله را داشتند. بیشترین درصد و سرعت جوانه­زنی، شاخص بنیه طولی و بنیه وزنی گیاهچه را اکوتیپ قائن در 75 روز پس از 50 درصد گرده افشانی داشت، در صورتی در اکوتیپ تربت حیدریه بالاترین صفات ذکر شده در 45 روز پس از 50 درصد گرده افشانی مشاهده شد. در اکوتیپ های قائن، تربت حیدریه و مشهد، تأخیر در برداشت از 75 روز پس از 50 درصد گرده افشانی سبب ریزش بذر و کاهش جوانه‌زنی بذرها شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of harvesting time on quantity and quality characteristics of common plantain (Plantago major L.) seeds

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Rabiei 1
  • Ahmad Nezami 2
  • Morteza Goldani 1
  • Mohammad Khajeh Hoseini 1
  • Mahdi Nasiri Mahalati 1
چکیده [English]

Harvesting time is one of the most important factors affecting the seed quality. In order to determine the effects of harvesting time on quantity and quality of plantago major seeds, two experiments were carried out in the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2014. In the first experiment six plantain ecotypes (Birjand, Ghaen, Torbat Hydarieh, Mashhad, Kalat and Bojnord) grown in the field and plant spikes were harvested  in six  stages with 15 days interval (15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after 50% pollination), then germination of harvested seed was tested in the laboratory. Number of spike per plant and its length after 50% of pollination increased and reached to the maximum in 75 and 60 days after that, respectively. Kalat ecotype had the fewest and the shortest spikes, while Birjand and Bojnoord ecotypes produced the longest spikes. The maximum seed weight per spike for Kalat and Bojnoord ecotypes was obtained at 90 days after 50% pollination, while in the other ecotypes it was observed at 75 days after that. The highest germination, speed germination length and weight vigor index in Ghaen ecotype was observed at 75 days after 50% pollination, while in the Torbat Hydarieh ecotype they were observed at 45 days after 50% pollination. In Ghaen, Torbat Hydarieh and Mashhad ecotypes delaying in harvest time of 75 days after 50% pollination causes seed losses and reduction in seed germination.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ecotype
  • Germination
  • Germination speed
  • ‌ Harvest time
  • Inflorescence
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