مقاله مروری: زوال بذر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 موسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال

2 موسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر

چکیده

زوال بذر یک فرآیند نامطلوب و مضر در کشاورزی است.این فرآیند منجر به کاهش کیفیت، زندهمانی و بنیه بذر میشود. کاهش  کیفیت  بذر  در  مزرعه،  برداشت  و  انبار  رخ  میدهد.  فرسایش  مزرعهای  زمانی  رخ  میدهد  که  بذر  مستقیماًدر  شرایط نامساعد  محیطی  قرار  گیرد.عوامل  متعددی  در  میزان  حساسیت  بذرها  به  زوال  بذر  دخالت  دارند  که  مهمترین  آنهادرجه حرارت، رطوبت نسبی، محتوی رطوبت بذر و خسارت ناشی از ریزسازوارهها و حشرات هستند. همچنین  بذرها به خسارتهای مکانیکی  پس  از  برداشت  بسیار  حساس  هستند.  میزان  خسارت  در  گونههای  مختلف  بذر  و  حتی  در  داخل  یک  گونه  متفاوت است.در  اثر تغییرشرایط محیطی ثابت نگهداشتن زندهمانی بذر در انبار  بسیار مشکل است. البته  کیفیت و قابلیت  زندهمانی بذر  طی  انبارداری  بستگی  زیادی  به  کیفیت  اولیه  بذر  و  روش  و  شیوه  انبارداری  دارد.  زوال  بذر  با  تغییرات  متعدد  سلولی، متابولیکی و شیمیاییاز جملهپراکسیداسیون لیپید، تخریب غشاء، تخریب DNA، نقص RNAو ساخت پروتئینهمراه است. این تغییرات به صورت کاهش در درصدجوانهزنی تولید گیاهچه ضعیف، کاهش بنیه و نهایتاٌ مرگ بذر مشهود میشود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Review paper: Seed Deterioration

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bita Oskouei 1
  • Saman Sheidaei 2
1 Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREO), Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI), Karaj, Iran
2 Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREO), Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Seed deterioration is an undesirable and harmful process in agriculture. This process leads to reduction in seed quality, viability and vigor. Losses in seed quality occur during field, harvesting and storage. Field weathering occurs when the seed exposure to in appropriate conditions. Several factors contribute to the susceptibility for seed deterioration. The most important of them are temperature, relative humidity, seed moisture content and damages caused by microorganisms and insects. Also seeds are very susceptible to mechanical damage after harvest. The rate of deterioration fluctuates from one apecies to another and also among varieties of the same species. It is difficult to maintain seed viability due to changing environmental conditions. However, the seed quality and viability during storage depending on the initial quality of seed and storage manner. Seed deterioration is associated with various cellular, metabolic and chemical variations including lipid peroxidation, membrane disruption, DNA damage, impairment of RNA and protein synthesis. These changes is evident as a reduction in percentage germination, produce week seedlings, loss vigor ultimately seed death.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Deterioration
  • Viability
  • Vigor
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