تاثیر پرایمینگ بذر و سطوح مختلف نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم در شرق استان گلستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشگاه پیام نور واحد شاهرود

چکیده

یکی از عوامل دستیابی به عملکرد بالا در واحد سطح، سرعت و درصدجوانه­زنی بذرها و اسقرار گیاهچه­های حاصل از بذرهای کشت­شده است. پرایمینگ یکی از تکنیک­هایی است که می­تواند باعث افزایش درصد و سرعت جوانه­زنی و سبزشدن بذر گردد. بر این اساس در این آزمایش، عکس­العمل گندم به پرایمینگ و نیتروژن مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. به­منظور ارزیابی عکس­العمل ارقام گندم به پرایمینگ و نیتروژن این پژوهش به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار در مزرعه گل چشمه (استان گلستان) در سال 1394 اجرا شد. عامل پرایمینگ در پنج سطح، شامل نیترات پتاسیم (KNO3) با غلظت 2 درصد، سولفات روی (Znso4) با غلظت 03/0 درصد، کلریدپتاسیم  با غلظت 2 درصد،  پرایم با آب معمولی و بدون پرایم و عامل نیتروژن در 3 سطح و شامل مصرف 0، 75و 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن خالص از منبع اوره بود. اثرات ساده پرایمینگ و سطوح کود نیتروژنی بر عملکرد و اجزاء آن در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار بود، میزان عملکرد و اجزاء آن با پرایم بذر با سولفات روی و با افزایش سطوح کود نتیروژنی افزایش یافت، به‌طوری‌که عملکرد دانه با پرایم از 64/4464 به 30/5830 کیلوگرم در هکتار افزایش یافت. هم­چنین عملکرددانه از 3810 گیلوگرم در هکتار در تیمار شاهد به 5642 کیلوگرم در هکتار در تیمار 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص رسید. اثر متقابل پرایمینگ و سطوح کود نیتروژنی بر هیچ ‌یک از صفات در هیچ‌کدام از کرت‌ها معنی‌دار نبود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of seed priming and Nitrogen different levels on yield and yield components of wheat in east of Golestan province

نویسنده [English]

  • Sedigheh Ghenaei
چکیده [English]

One of the parameters for obtaining high yield per unit area, is the of the rate and percent of germination and establishment of seedlings of planted seeds. Priming is one of the techniques that results in increased percent and rate of germination and emergence. To do this, response of wheat to priming and nitrogen were evaluated. In order to evaluate the response of wheat to seed priming and nitrogen  a factorial experiment was conducted arranged in an RCBD with three replications on Golcheshmeh farm (Golestan proviance) in 2015. seed priming at five levels i.e. (non-primed and primed seeds with (hydro priming, with 0.03% zinc sulfate, 2%potassium chloride (KCl) and 2% potassium nitrate (KNO3), and nitrogen as the second factor consisted of three levels: nitrogen fertilizer (from urea): 1- No nitrogen fertilizer, 2- 75 Kg.ha-1, 3- 150 Kg.ha-1, The effect of priming and nitrogen fertilizers on yield and its components were highly significant. Grain yield and its components increased with zinc sulphate priming and they increased with an increase in nitrogen level. Grain yield Increased from 4464.64 to 5830/30 kg ha-1 with priming with zinc sulfate. As well, Grain yield Increased from 3810 to 5642 kg ha-1 with Nitrogen fertilizer (150 Kg.ha-1) ).The effect of priming by nitrogen interaction was not significant on any of the traits.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Grain yield
  • Nitrogeen
  • Priming and Wheat
Afzal, I., Aslam, N., Mahmood, F., Hameed, A., Irfan, S. D. and Agmad, G. 2006. Enhancement of germination and emergence of canola seeds by different priming techniques. Caderno de pes quisaser. Bio., Suntan Cruz do sul., 16: 19-34 .
Ajouri A, Asgedom H and Becker M, 2004. Seed priming enhances germination and seedlinggrowth of barley under conditions of P and Zn deficiency. Journal of Plant Nutrition SoilScience, 167: 630–636.
Ashraf , M., and Foolad, M.R. 2005. Pre-sowing seed treatment a shotgun approach to improve germination, plant growth and crop yield under saline and non-saline conditions. Ad. In Agron., 88: 223-271.
Azarnia , M., and Eisvand, H.R. 2013. Effects of hydro and homonal priming onyield and yield components of chickpea in irrigated and rain-fed conditions.Electronic J. Crop Prod., 6: 4. 1-18.
Ayoub, M., Gueryn, S., Freceau-Reid, J. and Smith, D.L., 1994. Nitrogen fertilizer effect on bread making quality of hard red spring wheat in eastern Canada. Crop Sci., 34: 1346-1352
Bijanzadeh, E. and Emam, Y. 2010. Effect of source-sink manipulation on yield components and photosynthetic characteristic of wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum and T. durum L.) journal of Applied Sciences. 10(7): 564-569.
Boman R.K., Westerman R.L., Raun W.R., and Jojola M.E. 1995. Time of nitrogen application: Effects on winter wheat and residual soil nitrate. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 59:1364–1369.
Cakmak I. Role of zinc in protecting plant cells from reactive oxygen species. New Phytol. 2000;146:185–205.
Coolbear , S., Verma, P., and Pahuja, S.S. 1984. Effect of seed priming on germination, phenology and growth of sorghum under late- sown conditions. J.Trop. Agric., 44: 9-15.
Curtis, B. C. 2000. Wheat in the world. In: Bread Wheat Improvement and Production. Curtis, B.C. S. Rajaram and H. Gomez Macpherson. (eds.), F.A.O. Rome, Italy.
Davis, J.G. Westfall, D.G. Mortvedt, J. J. and Shanahan, J.F. 2002. Feertilizing winter wheat. Agron. J. 84: 1198-1203.
Delfin, S. Tognetti, R. Disderio, E. and Alvino, A. 2005. Effect of foliar application of N and humic acids on growth and yield of durum wheat. Agronomy Sustain development. 25.183-191.
Farooq, M., Basra, S. M., Ahmad,A. N., 2007.Imporoving the performance of transplanted rice by seed priming. plant growth regul.51:129-137.
Farooq, M., Basra, S.M.A., Rehman, H., and Saleem, B.A. 2007. Seed priming enhances the performance of late sown wheat (triticum aestivum L.) byimproving chilling tolerance. J. Agron. Crop Sci., 194: 55-60.
Fischer, R. A., Howe, G. N. and Ibrahim, Z., 1993. Irrigated spring wheat and timing and amount ofnitrogen fertilizer. I: Grain yield and protein content. Field Crops Res., 33: 37-
Harris, D. 1996. The effects of manure, genotype, seed priming, depth and date of sowing on the emergence and early growth of Sorghum bicolor L. Moench in semi-arid Botswana. Soil Tillage Research. 40: 73-88.
Hus , J. L., and Sung, J.M. 1997. Antioxidant role of glutatnione associated with accelerated agina and hydration of triploid watermelon seeds. PhysiologaPlantarum. 100: 967-974.
Langer, R. H. M. & F. K. Y. Liew. 1973. Effect of varying nitrogen supply at different stages of the reproductive phase on spikelet and grain production and on grain nitrogen in wheat. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 24: 647-656.
Lopez-Bellido, L., R. J. Lopez-Bellido, and R. Redondo. 2005. Nitrogen efficiency in wheat under rainfed Mediterranean conditions as affected by split nitrogen application. Field Crops Res. 94: 86 -97.
Malakouti , M.J., 2007. Zinc is a neglected element in the life cycle of plants. Middle Eastern and Russian Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology, 1 (1):1-12.
Murungu, F. S., Chiduza, C., Nyamugafata, P., Clark, L. J., Whalley, W. R., and Finch savage, E. 2004. Effect of on-farm seed priming on consecutive daily sowing occasions on the emergence and growth of Maize in semi-arid Zimbabwe. Field Crop Research. 89(1): 49-57.
Moussavi - Nik , M.,J.N.Pearson , G.J.Hollamby and R.D.Graham. 1997.Seed manganese (Mn) content is more important than Mn fertilization for wheat growth under Mn deficient conditions. J.Plant Nutrition for Sustainable Food Production and Environment.267-268
Sainio, P. P., A. Rajala, S. Simmons, R. Caspers, and D. D. Stuthman.( 2003) Plant growth regulator and daylength effects on preanthesis main shoot and tiller growth in conventional and dwarf oat. Crop Sci. 43: 227-233.
Salehzade, H., Sishvan, M. I. and Ghiyasi, M. 2009. Effect of priming on germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences 4 (5): 629-631.
Shekari, F and Javanshir,A. 2000. Enhancement of canola seed primination and seedling emergence in low water potential by priming Journal of field Crop.5:54-60.
Sivriteps , N., Sivritepe, H.O., Eris, A., 2003. The effects of NaCl priming on salt tolerance in melon seedling grown under saline condition.ScientiaHorticulturae 97:229-237.
Warraich, E. A. Basra, S. M. A. Ahmad, N. and Aftab, M. 2002. Effect pf nitrogen on grain quality and vigour in wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Journal of Agriculture&Biology. 04-4-517-520.