تأثیر غلظت‌های مختلف برخی فلزات سنگین بر شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی و بنیه بذر لوبیا چیتی (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم و تکنولوژی بذر، دانشکده کشاورزی- دانشگاه یاسوج

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی- دانشگاه یاسوج

3 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی- دانشگاه یاسوج

چکیده

فلزات سنگین بیوسفر از زمان شروع انقلاب صنعتی در حال افزایش است و سمیت فلزات سنگین سبب اختلال در فرایند جوانه­زنی و رشد گیاهان می­گردد. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر فلزات سنگین بر جوانه‌زنی لوبیا (رقم صدری) آزمایشی در آزمایشگاه تکنولوژی بذر دانشگاه یاسوج در سال 1392 اجرا گردید. این آزمایش به‌صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی در پنج تکرار شامل غلظت‌های مختلف نیترات کادمیوم، نیترات نیکل، نیترات سرب و سولفات مس در غلظت‌های مختلف 25، 50، 75 و 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر و یک تیمار شاهد بود. صفات مورد بررسی شامل شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی (درصد و سرعت جوانه‌زنی)، طول و وزن گیاه‌چه و شاخص بنیه بذر بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیش­ترین سرعت و درصد جوانه‌زنی بذر در تیمار شاهد و کم‌ترین آن‌ها در 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نیترات سرب بود. با افزایش غلظت سرب، سرعت و درصد جوانه­زنی بذر و وزن خشک ریشه‌چه و ساقه‌چه روند نزولی را نشان داد. غلظت 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نیترات کادمیوم سبب کاهش سرعت و درصد جوانه‌زنی بذر لوبیا نسبت به شاهد گردید. افزایش غلظت کادمیوم سبب اختلال در رشد ریشه­چه و ساقه­چه و شاخص بنیه بذر لوبیا گردید. سمیت غلظت مس نسبت به نیکل اثر منفی بیش­تری بر سرعت جوانه­زنی، طول ریشه‌چه و ساقه‌چه، وزن خشک ریشه‌چه و ساقه‌چه و بنیه گیاهچه داشت. در مجموع نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که کادمیوم و سرب ممکن است به گیاهان اجازه‌ی جوانه زدن را بدهد، اما افزایش غلظت آن‌ها سبب اختلال در برخی شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی بذر لوبیا چیتی گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of different concentrations of heavy metals application on germination indices and seed vigor of Pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Amini 1
  • Hamidreza Balouchi 2
  • Mohsen Movahhedi Dehnavi 2
  • Mahmood Attarzadeh 3
چکیده [English]

Heavy metals of biosphere rise since the beginning industrial revolution and the toxicity of heavy metals cause to impair in the process of germination and growth of plants. In order to evaluate the effects of heavy metals on the germination of pinto bean (cv. Sadri) an experiment was conducted at Seed Technology Laboratory of Yasouj University in 2013. The experiment was conducted as CRD in five replications include different concentration of Cd(NO3)2, Pb(NO3)2, Ni(NO3)2 and CuSO4 (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/l) and a control treatment. Germination characteristics include the rate and percentage of germination, seedling weight and length and seed vigor index were studied .Results showed that the highest rate and percentage of germination was belonged to control, and least in the 100 mg/l of Pb(NO3)2. With the increase in concentrations of Pb, percentage and rate of germination and root and shoot dry weight showed a downward trend. 100 mg/l concentration of Cadmium nitrate decreased the rate germination of pinto bean seeds in compare with control. Increasing the concentration of cadmium impairs the growth of seedling root; shoot and vigor index of bean. Toxic concentration of copper compared to nickel had more negative effect on germination, root and shoot length, root and shoot dry weight and seedling vigor. In general, the results of this study showed that cadmium and Pb may give to plants allows germination, but increased in their concentration impaired the some seed germination indices of pinto been seed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental pollution
  • lead
  • Phaseolus vulgaris L
  • Germination power
  • cadmium
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