اثر ترکیبات مختلف تیمارهای هورمونی بر شکست خواب بذر اکوتیپ‌های مختلف زیره سیاه (Bunium persicum)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 دانشگاه علوم محیطی کرمان

چکیده

بذرهای زیره سیاه ایرانی همچون بسیاری از گونه‌های خانواده چتریان به­دلیل خواب بذر، به سختی جوانه می‌زنند. به­منظور بررسی اثر ترکیبات مختلف هورمونی بر شکست خواب بذر در اکوتیپ‌های مختلف زیره سیاه، تعداد 27 تیمار مرکب از سه هورمون اسیدجیبرلیک )غلظت 80، 100 و 120 میکرومول) (GA)، تیدیازورون (غلظت 4، 6 و 8 میکرومول) (TDZ) و بنزیل‌آدنین (غلظت 5، 10 و 15 میکرومول) (BA) روی بذر سه اکوتیپ کرمان (خبر)، سمنان و هرمزگان آزمون شد. آزمایش به­صورت فاکتوریل با سه تکرار اجرا شد. صفات طول گیاهچه، وزن‌تر گیاهچه، وزن‌خشک گیاهچه و درصد کل جوانه‌زنی و شاخص‌های بنیه، وزن‌تر و وزن‌ خشک گیاهچه اندازه‌گیری و محاسبه شدند. تجزیه واریانس صفات نشان ‌داد اثر متقابل اکوتیپ × ترکیب ‌هورمون × سطح هورمون برای صفات وزن‌تر گیاهچه، درصد کل جوانه‌زنی و شاخص بنیه گیاهچه معنی‌دار بود. مقایسه میانگین ترکیبات سه فاکتوره، اکوتیپ × ترکیب هورمون × سطح هورمون نشان ‌داد بیشترین مقدار درصد کل جوانه‌زنی و شاخص بنیه ‌بذر مربوط به اکوتیپ هرمزگان و ترکیب هورمونی GA × BA (100 میکرومول اسید جیبرلیک×15 میکرومول بنزیل­آدنین) بود و بیشترین مقدار وزن ‌تر گیاهچه مربوط به اکوتیپ سمنان و ترکیب هورمونی TDZ × BA (6 میکرومول تیدیازورون×10 میکرومول بنزیل‌آدنین) مشاهده شد. مقایسه میانگین اکوتیپ‌ها و سطوح برای صفت شاخص وزن‌ خشک نشان ‌داد که اکوتیپ‌های سمنان و هرمزگان دارای بیشترین شاخص وزن ‌خشک و ترکیب­ هورمونی (6 میکرومول تیدیازورون×5 میکرومول بنزیل‌آدنین×100 میکرومول اسیدجیبرلیک) دارای بیشترین تأثیر بر شاخص وزن‌خشک گیاهچه بودند. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد ترکیب هورمونی GA × BA تأثیر زیادی بر شکست خواب بذر و سایر صفات مربوط به جوانه‌زنی بذر زیره سیاه دارد و اکوتیپ هرمزگان بیشترین تأثیرپذیری را دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Different Combinations of Hormonal Treatments on Breaking Seed Dormancy in Different Ecotypes of Black Zira (Bunium persicum)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Davood Darvishi 1
  • Mokhtar Jalali Javaran 1
  • Hamid Dehghani 1
  • Sajad Rashidi 1
  • Amin Baghizadeh 2
چکیده [English]

To study the effect of different hormone combinations on breaking dormancy and germination of Black Zira, 27 treatments consisted of three hormone, gibberellic acid (80, 100, and 120 μm), Thidiazuron (4, 6 and 8 μm) and benzyl adenine (5, 10 and 15 μm). Factorial experimental with three replications in a randomized complete block design was carried out. Seedling length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight and the total percentage of germination were measured and seedling vigor index, fresh weight index, and dry weight index were calculated. Analysis of variance showed the significant differences between the effect of ecotype × combination × Hormone level for fresh weight, total percentage of germination and vigor index. Comparison of means for ecotype × combination × level effect showed the total percentage of germination and vigor index were highest for sixth level of GA × BA combination in Hormozgan ecotype and fresh weight was highest for fifth level of TDZ × BA combination in Semnan ecotype. Mean Comparison of ecotype effects showed that the dry weight index was the highest in Semnan ecotype and the Mean Comparison of level effects showed that the dry weight index was highest in fourth levels (6 μm TDZ and 5 μm BA and 100 μm GA). The result showed that hormones levels and combinations were suitable for seed germination in this experiment. Hormozgan ecotype had the best germination at GA × BA combination.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Benzyladenine
  • Breaking seed dormancy
  • Bunium persicum
  • Gibberellic acid
  • Thidiazuron

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