تأثیر تنش شوری و خشکی بر ویژگی‌های جوانه‌زنی بذر و رشد گیاهچه Salsola crassa در شرایط آزمایشگاه و گلخانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

کمبود رطوبت و شوری خاک از عوامل بازدارنده تولید علوفه در مراتع به شمار می­روند، به­طوری­که یکی از موانع مهم زادآوری گیاهان مرتعی، تاثیر شوری و خشکی در هنگام جوانه­زدن بذرها می­باشد. بر این اساس در این تحقیق تأثیر سطوح مختلف شوری و خشکی بر ویژگی­های جوانه­زنی گیاه Salsola crassa مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. آزمایش به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام گرفت. تیمار شوری با استفاده از سه نمک­ معمول و موجود در طبیعت شامل: کلرید کلسیم (CaCl2)، کلریدپتاسیم (KCl)، کلریدسدیم (NaCl)، و تیمار ترکیبی سه نمک در شش سطحِ 5، 10، 15، 20، 25 و 30 گرم در لیتر و تیمار آب مقطر به­عنوان شاهد (در آزمایشگاه)، همچنین تیمار خشکی اعمال شده شامل آبیاری در دوره­های زمانی با فواصل سه روزه در چهار تکرار (در گلخانه) بود. صفات مورد بررسی در این آزمایش شامل درصد و سرعت جوانه­زنی، طول ریشه­چه و ساقه­چه، ارتفاع و وزن زیست­توده گیاه بود. نتایج نشان داد که افزایش تنش شوری و خشکی بر کلیه صفات مورد بررسی تأثیر گذاشته است(P<0/01) . نمک­های اعمال شده باعث کاهش معنی­داری در درصد و سرعت جوانه­زنی، طول ریشه­چه و طول ساقه­چه شد. تنش خشکی اعمال شده باعث کاهش معنی­داری در میزان وزن خشک اندام هوایی و ارتفاع گیاهچه شد (P<0/05) اما با افزایش سطح تنش، رشد ریشه به­طور معنی­داری افزایش پیدا کرد (P<0/01) به طوری­که دور آبیاری 18 روز، دارای بیشترین طول ریشه و کمترین ارتفاع و وزن خشک اندام هوایی بود. به طور کلی دور آبیاری 15 و 18روز مربوط به خشکی و تیمار CaCl2 با غلظت 30 گرم در لیتر مربوط به شوری، بیشترین تأثیر منفی را بر ویژگی­های مورد بررسی داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of drought and salinity stress on seed germination characteristic and seedling growth of salsolacrassa under laboratory and greenhouse conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Tavili
  • Nasibeh Ghanbari
  • Habib Yazdanshenas
چکیده [English]

Moisture deficiency and soil salinity are two inhibiting factors that affect the forage production in rangelands, so that moisture and salinity are the main barriers for plants reproduction at the seed germination time. Therefore, in this study, the effect of different level of salinity and moisture on the germination characteristic in Salsola crassa was conducted. Factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replicates was performed. Three common salts which are found in rangelands including: Calcium Chloride (CaCl2), Potassium Chloride (KCl), Sodium Chloride (NaCl) and a combination of three salt treatments at six levels containing: 5, 10,15,20,25 and 30 g/l were used under laboratory conditions. Also distilled water was used as control. Drought stress effects were studied at the greenhouse condition in which treatments was included irrigation periods with an interval of three days in four replications. Investigated characteristics were including: percentage and speed of germination, root and shoot length, height and aerial biomass. The results showed that all seedling characteristics changed under increasing salinity and drought stress levels (P<0/01). Salinity levels showed significant effects on germination percentage and velocity, seedling root and shoot length. Drought stress, significantly affected plant height and aerial biomass (P <0/05), but increasing in stress level, resulted in increasing of root length (P<0/01).The irrigation period of 18 days interval showed the lowest plant height and production, and the highest root length. Overall, drought stress's 15 and 18 days interval treats and also, salinity stress's CaCl2 with 30 g/l concentration had the most negative effect on investigated characteristics.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Germination rate
  • Irrigation period
  • Seedling height
  • Seedling length

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