تأثیر جنس کیسه، شرایط و طول دوره انبارداری بر ویژگی‌های جوانه‌زنی بذر در آزمایشگاه و ظهور مزرعه‌ای گیاهچه سویا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی مؤسسه تحقیقات ثیت و گواهی بذر و نهال

2 کارشناس مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال

3 کارشناس مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر شرایط و طول دوره انبارداری و همچنین جنس کیسه‌ بر کیفیت بذر سویا(Glycine max L.)  رقم ساری (JK) پژوهشی در سال های 89-1388 و 90-1389 در دو مرحله آزمایشگاهی و مزرعه ای براساس آزمایش عاملی (فاکتوریل) 2×3×5 با سی‌ تیمار بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی (بخش آزمایشگاهی) و طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی (بخش مزرعه ای) با سه تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی ساری انجام شد. عوامل مورد بررسی، پنج نوع لفاف، پاکت کاغذی دو لایه، پاکت کاغذی سه لایه، پاکت کاغذی دو لایه با لایه لمینت، کیسه پارچه ای (چتایی)، کیسه پروپیلنی، سه مدت نگهداری 2، 4 و 6 ماه و دو شرایط نگهداری، انبار معمولی و نگهداری در انبار کنترل‌شده با دمای 16 درجه سانتی گراد و رطوبت نسبی 65 درصد بود. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش طول دوره انبارداری از دو ماه به شش ماه، میزان جوانه زنی از 87/84 درصد به 25/79 درصد کاهش یافت و در سال اول میزان جوانه زنی در انبار کنترل شده با پاکت کاغذی سه لایه (62/88 درصد) نسبت به انبار معمولی با کیسه پروپیلنی (94/63 درصد) بیشتر بود. آزمون پیری تسریع شده نشان داد که با افزایش طول دوره انبارداری از دو ماه به شش ماه میزان جوانه زنی از 81/81 درصد به 61/76 درصد کاهش یافت. در هر دو سال بیشترین درصد جوانه زنی مربوط به کیسه های کاغذی سه لایه بود و کمترین آن در کیسه های پروپیلنی و پارچه ای بود. شاخص های کیفی بذر در هر دو سال در انبار کنترل شده نسبت به انبار معمولی از شرایط بهتری برخوردار بود. نتایج  مزرعه ای نیز نشان داد که بیشترین درصد ظهور نهایی گیاهچه ها در هر دو سال از بذرهای انبار کنترل شده در پاکت کاغذی سه‌لایه (98/81 در سال اول و 89/80 درصد در سال دوم) بود و کمترین میزان آن در هر دو سال در انبار معمولی در کیسه پروپیلنی (31/62 درصد در سال دوم و 08/62 درصد در سال اول) بود. به طور کلی مشخص شد که نگهداری بذرها در پاکت های کاغذی سه‌لایه در انبار کنترل شده برای نگهداری بذرهای سویا مناسب می باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of packaging materials, storage duration and conditions on seed germination traits in laboratory and field emergence of soybean (Glycine max L.) seedling

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Sadeghi 1
  • Saman Shaeidaei 2
  • Hassan Gholami 3
  • Leila Yari 2
1 Faculty member of Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute
2 Experts of Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute
3 Expert of Natural Resources Research Center of Mazandaran
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluation of Effect of storage conditions, duration and packaging on viability and vigor of soybean, an experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment (2×3×5) in the field (completely randomized block design and laboratory (completely randomized design) with three replications in agricultural and natural resources research center of Mazandaran, Iran in 2010-11 and 2011-12. This experiment was included 30 treatments (first factor: five types of packaging as a) two layer paper pack, b) three layer paper pack, c) two layer paper pack with laminate layer, d) cloth pack.5 Propylene pack. The second factor had three levels storage period, 2, 4 and 6 months. Third factor: two storage condition.1) ambient condition and 2) controlled storage condition with 16C and 65% relative humidity. The results show that by increasing of seed storing period from 2 to 6 months the rate of germination was decreased from 84.87% to 79.25%. The higher rate of germination in the controlled storage condition with three layer paper pack was observed (88.62%) than ambient condition with Propylene pack (63.94%). Based on the results of the accelerated aging test by increment of storage duration from 2 to 6 months the rate of germination was decreased from 81.81% to 76.61%. The highest germination rate was related to three layer paper pack meanwhile the lowest germination rate was related to Propylene pack and cloth pack. The seed quality indices showed good statues in the controlled seed storage condition than ambient condition in both consecutive years. Also it was noticed that the highest and lowest final emergence seedling percentage was related to controlled storage condition with three layer paper pack (81.98% in the first year and 80.89% in the second year) and ambient condition with Propylene pack (62.31% in the first year and 62.08% in the second year). Generally it was noticed that storing the seed in three layer paper pack with controlled storage condition was suitable for preservation of soybean seeds.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soybean
  • Seed Storing
  • Viability
  • Vigor
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