شناسایی و بررسی پتانسیل آللوپاتیک آلکالوئیدهای تاتوره (Datura stramonium) بر ویژگی‌های جوانه‌زنی ارقام ذرت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد زراعت دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

چکیده

به منظور شناسایی آلکالوئیدهای موجود در علف هرز تاتوره، عصاره شاخساره آن تهیه و با استفاده از روش گاز کروماتوگرافی تجزیه شد. سه آلکالوئید تروپینون، تروپین و آتروپین که دارای پتانسیل آللوپاتیکی می باشند، شناسایی و استخراج گردید. پتانسیل آللوپاتیک آلکالوئیدهای مذکور بر جوانه زنی و رشد گیاهچه شش رقم ذرت شامل سینگل کراس­های301، 404، 500، 647، 700 و 704 به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که اثر متقابل آلکالوئید×غلظت×رقم بر درصد و سرعت جوانه زنی معنی دار بود. بیشترین پتانیسل بازدارندگی مربوط به تروپینون و کمترین آن مربوط به تروپین بود. با افزایش غلظت آلکالوئیدها اثر بازدارندگی نیز افزایش یافت. ویژگی های وزن خشک ریشه چه و ساقه چه تمامی ارقام ذرت نیز تحت تأثیر پتانسیل بازدارندگی تروپینون و آتروپین قرار گرفتند. هر دو صفت مذکور در همه ارقام در معرض تروپین افزایش یافتند. نتایج کلی بیانگر این است که در عصاره ی بقایای علف هرز تاتوره سه آلکالوئید با اثرهای متفاوت تحریک­کننده و بازدارنده وجود دارد، و همچنین غلظت های مختلف هر آلکالوئید نیز از پتانسیل آللوپاتیکی متفاوتی برخوردار است که می توانند رشد گیاه زراعی را تحت تأثیر خود قرار دهند. یافتن مکانیسم های اثر بازدارندگی این ترکیبها بر گیاهان دیگر ممکن است برای یافتن ترکیباتی که بتوانند به عنوان علف­کش مورد استفاده قرار گیرند، مفید واقع شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination and investigation of potential allelopathic in Thorn apple (Datura stramonium) alkaloids on germination indices of corn cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Emran Dastras 1
  • Mehri Safari 2
  • Ali Akbar Maghsoud mood 2
1 MSc. of Agronomy, Shahid Bahonar Kerman University
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shahid Bahonar Kerman University
چکیده [English]

In this study the shoot parts extracts of Datura stramonium prepared and was analysed using GC-MS method. Three alkaloids including tropinon, tropin and atropine were found and extracted. The potential allelopathic effects of these compounds were evaluated in a factorial experiment based on RCBD with 3 replications on the germination and seedling growth of six corn hybrids including Sc-301, Sc- 404, Sc- 500, Sc- 647, Sc- 700 and Sc- 704 Results showed that the three way interaction effect of alkaloid × concentration × hybrid is significant on germination percentage and rate.  Highest inhibitory potential was related to tropinone while lowes values was found in tropine. Increasing the concentration of alkaloid, inhibitory effect was also increased. Root and shoot dry weight of all corn hybrids were affected by the inhibitory effect of tropine and atropine. Both characteristics were increased in all corn hybrids when were exposed to atropine. Generally, it was concluded that three different alkoloides are existing in patura which have different allelopathic effects and may influence the next crop plant. The mechanisms which are responsible for the inhibitory effects of these allelochemicals may be usefull for finding the componds which can be used as herbicides.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Atropin
  • Ecosystem
  • Tropin
  • Tropinon

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