بررسی برخی نیازهای بوم شناختی جوانه‌زنی نیلوفر قرمز (Ipomoea coccinea L.): گیاهی نوظهور در حاشیه ی مزارع استان گلستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد اگروتکنولوژی-علوم علفهای هرز، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

4 دانشیار، گروه آمار، دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان، ایران

10.22124/jms.2025.9440

چکیده

نیلوفر قرمز (Ipomoea coccinea L.) در حال حاضر پراکنش زیادی در ایران ندارد؛ اما گزارش‏ها نشان می‌دهد که این گونه قادر است در زمان کوتاه، آلودگی خود را توسعه داده و به‌عنوان یک گونه زیان‌بار مطرح شود. با توجه به اینکه بذرهای موجود در بانک بذر خاک، دارای سنین متفاوتی هستند، بررسی رفتار جوانه‌زنی بذرهایی با سنین مختلف تحت تاثیر عوامل محیطی، بسیار جالب و در طراحی برنامه‌های مدیریتی مفید خواهد بود. از این‌رو در این مطالعه بذرهای نیلوفر قرمز از حاشیه مزارع شهرستان کردکوی-استان گلستان در اواخر آبان ماه سال‌های 1397، 1398 و 1399 جمع‌آوری و تا شروع آزمایش در دمای اتاق نگهداری (25 درجه سانتی‌گراد) شدند. لازم به ذکر است که در زمان انجام آزمایش، بذرهای جمع‌آوری شده از سال‌های 1397 و 1398 به ترتیب 15 و سه پس‌رس شده بودند. بذرهای سال 1399 نیز بلافاصله بعد از برداشت، آزمون شدند. در این مطالعه اثر شرایط محیطی مختلف از جمله دمای ثابت و متناوب، دمای بالا (50 ، 60 ، 70 ، 80 ، 100 و 120 درجه‌سانتی‌گراد به مدت پنج دقیقه)، تنش رطوبتی (صفر ، 2/0- ، 4/0- ، 6/0- ، 8/0- و 1- مگاپاسکال با استفاده از پلی‌اتیلن گلایکول 6000) و شوری (صفر، 3/0- ، 6/0- ، 9/0- ، 2/1- ، 5/1- و 8/1- مگاپاسکال با استفاده از نمک کلرید سدیم) بر جوانه‌زنی سه جمعیت مذکور مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. جهت تعیین دماهای کاردینال جوانه‌زنی از مدل دوتکه‌ای استفاده شد. جوانه‌زنی نیلوفر قرمز از دمای 10 درجه سانتی‌گراد آغاز و تا دمای 35 درجه سانتی‌گراد افزایش یافت. دمای پایه جوانه‌زنی این گیاه با توجه به جمعیت از 57/7 تا 37/8 درجه سانتی‌گراد بود. دمای مطلوب جوانه‌زنی نیلوفر قرمز نیز از 11/27 تا 69/30 در نوسان بود. جوانه‌زنی نیلوفر قرمز در شرایط دمای متناوب و ثابت مشابه بود. پتانسیل آب مورد نیاز برای کاهش 50 درصد جوانه‌زنی در جمعیت‌های 1397 (پانزده ماه پس‌رس شده)،  1398 (سه ماه پس‌رس شده) و  1399 (تازه) به ترتیب 48/0-، 57/0- و 54/0- مگاپاسکال بود. تحمل این گونه به تنش شوری بیشتر از تنش رطوبتی بود و پتانسیل‌های 99/0- تا 34/1- مگاپاسکال، سبب کاهش 50 درصد حداکثر جوانه‌زنی آن شد.  افزایش دمای بالا تا 80 درجه سانتی‌گراد، موجب رفع کمون بذرهای نیلوفر قرمز شد، اما در دماهای 100 و 120 درجه سانتی‌گراد،  درصد بذرهای مرده افزایش یافت شد. نتایج بررسی حاضر نشان داد که نیلوفر قرمز، به سطوح مختلف دمای ثابت و متناوب، پتانسیل آب، شوری و دمای بالا واکنش نشان می‌دهد. آگاهی از پاسخ جوانه‌زنی این گونه در برابر عوامل گفته شده می‌تواند در پیش‌بینی جوانه‌زنی نیلوفر قرمز در راستای طراحی راهکارهای مدیریتی مناسب، استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of some ecological requirements for germination of red morning glory (Ipomoea coccinea L.): a newly emerging plant on the edge of fields in Golestan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Somaieh Dehghan 1
  • Asieh Siahmarguee 2
  • Farshid Ghaderi-Far 3
  • Majid Azim_mohseni 4
1 MSc graduated student in Agrotechnology-Weed Science, Department of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Statistics University of Golestan, Gorgan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Red morningglory (Ipomoea coccinea L.) is not currently widely distributed in Iran; however, reports indicate that this species is capable of developing its infection in a short time and becoming a harmful species. Given that the seeds in the soil seed bank have different ages, studying the germination behavior of seeds with different ages under the influence of environmental factors will be very interesting and useful in designing management programs. Therefore, in this study, red morning glory seeds were collected from the edge of the fields of Kordkoy County, Golestan Province in late November of 2018, 2019, and 2020 and were stored at room temperature (25°C) until the start of the experiment. It should be noted that at the time of the experiment, the seeds collected from 2018 and 2019 were 15 and 3 mounths after ripped, respectively. The seeds from 2019 were also tested immediately after harvest. In this study, the effect of different environmental conditions, including constant and alternating temperature, high temperature (50, 60, 70, 80, 100, and 120 °C for five minutes), water stress (0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, and -1 MPa using polyethylene glycol 6000) and salinity (0, -0.3, -0.6, -0.9, -1.2, -1.5, and -1.8 MPa using sodium chloride salt) on the germination of the three populations were investigated. A segmented model was used to determine the cardinal germination temperatures. Germination of red morningglory started at 10°C and increased to 35°C. The base temperature for germination of this plant was from 7.57 to 8.37 °C depending on the population. The optimum germination temperature of red morningglory also fluctuated from 27.11 to 30.69 oC. Germination of red morningglory was similar under alternating and constant temperature conditions. The water potential required to reduce germination by 50% in the 2018 (15 month after ripen seeds), 2019 (3 month after ripen seeds) and 2020 (fresh seeds) populations was -0.48, -0.57 and -0.54 MPa, respectively. The tolerance of this species to salinity stress was higher than that of water stress, and potentials of -0.99 to -1.34 MPa reduced its maximum germination by 50%. Increasing the temperature to 80°C removed the seed dormancy of the red morningglory, but at temperatures of 100 and 120°C, the percentage of dead seeds increased. In general, the results of this study showed that the reaction of red morningglory germination to environmental factors is different, and knowing the germination response of this species against the mentioned factors can help predict the germination and emergence of this plant to design suitable management strategies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Germination models
  • Medicinal plant
  • Water potential
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