تأثیر پیش‌تیمارهای مختلف بذر با قارچهای همزیست، هیومیک ‌اسید و ‌اکسید روی بر بهبود صفات گیاهچه‌ای برنج (.Oryza sativa L) در مراحل اولیه رشد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 ساری-کیلومتر 9 جاده دریا-دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 گروه زراعت-دانشکده علوم زراعی- دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

3 پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست فناوری کشاورزی طبرستان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

4 دانشگاه باسیلیکاتا، شهر پوتنزا، ایتالیا

10.22124/jms.2025.9411

چکیده

ضعف بنیه بذر، آسیب‌دیدگی ریشه‌ها در زمان انتقال نشا و حساسیت بالا به تنش‌های محیطی از مهم‌ترین محدودیت‌های استقرار اولیه برنج محسوب می‌شوند؛ ازاین‌رو، این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر پیش‌تیمارهای مختلف بذر بر بهبود صفات گیاهچه‌ای برنج رقم هاشمی به‌صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری انجام شد. پیش‌تیمارها شامل 16 سطح شاهد، نانوذره ‌اکسیدروی (ZnO)، قارچ­های همزیست Trichoderma longibrachiatum و Trichoderma atroviride، هیومیک ­‌اسید (HA) و ترکیبات دوگانه، سه‌گانه و چهارگانه این پیش­تیمارها بودند. قارچ‌ها در محیط کشت مایع (PDB) کشت و پس از گذشت دو هفته که رشد رویشی قارچ‌ها به حداکثر خود رسید، سوسپانسیونی با غلظت 108 واحد کلونی‌ساز در میلی‌لیتر (CFU/ml) تهیه گردید. برای هیومیک ‌اسید و نانواکسیدروی از غلظت 100 پی‌پی‌ام استفاده شد. نمونه‌برداری از گیاهچه در 5، 15، 25 و 35 روز پس از بذرپاشی انجام و صفات مورفولوژیک از جمله طول ریشه و ساقه، نسبت طول ریشه به ساقه، وزن خشک ریشه و ساقه، نسبت وزن خشک ریشه به ساقه و وزن خشک کل اندازه‌گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد در بین سطوح مختلف پیش‌تیمار، نانو‌اکسید روی به‌ترتیب با 50/23 و 55/28 درصد افزایش نسبت به شاهد، بیشترین تأثیر را بر وزن خشک ریشه و وزن خشک کل داشت. ترکیب پیش‌تیمار (نانوذره اکسید روی+ هیومیک اسید+ قارچ تریکودرما لانگیبراچیاتوم + قارچ تریکودرما آترویریده) نیز با 81 میلی‌گرم در بوته و حدود 39 درصد افزایش نسبت به شاهد بیشترین وزن خشک ساقه را به ثبت رساند. پیش‌تیمارهای تلفیقی به‌ویژه ترکیبات حاوی ZnO  به‌طور معنی‌داری طول ریشه (حدود 2 تا 5/7 درصد افزایش) و وزن خشک ساقه (حدود 7 تا 39 درصد افزایش) را بهبود دادند. در مجموع نتایج بیانگر تأثیر مثبت کاربرد تلفیق پیش‌تیمارهای قارچ‌های همزیست، هیومیک ‌اسید و نانواکسید روی بوده و می‌تواند به­عنوان راهکاری کارآمد برای بهبود رشد و استقرار گیاه برنج در مراحل اولیه رشد به ‌شمار آید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of different seed priming with symbiotic fungi, humic acid and zinc oxide on improving seedling traits of rice (Oryza sativa L.) at early growth stages

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sayed Ahmad Mokhtari Reykandeh 1
  • Hemmatollah Pirdashti 2
  • Zahra Nouri Akandi 3
  • Hedayatollah hkarimzadeh@sanru.ac.ir 1
  • Mohammad Yaghoubi Khanghahi 4
1 Department of Agronomy, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran.
2 Department of Agronomy-Crop Sciences Faculty-Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
3 Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
4 University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
چکیده [English]

Weak seed vigor, root damage during transplanting, and high sensitivity to environmental stresses are among the most critical constraints in the initial establishment of rice. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different seed priming treatments on improving seedling traits of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. 'Hashemi') at Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, using a completely randomized design with three replications. The priming treatments consisted of 16 levels: a control, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO), symbiotic fungi (Trichoderma longibrachiatum [FTL] and T. atroviride [FTA]), humic acid (HA), as well as dual, triple, and quadruple combinations of these agents. The fungi were cultured in a liquid potato dextrose broth (PDB) medium. After two weeks, when vegetative growth peaked, a suspension with a concentration of 10⁸ colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) was prepared. Concentrations of 100 ppm were used for both HA and ZnO. Seedlings were sampled at 5, 15, 25, and 35 days after sowing (DAS). Measured morphological traits included root and shoot length (RL and SL), root-to-shoot length ratio (R:S), root and shoot dry weight (RDW and SDW), root-to-shoot dry weight ratio (RDW:SDW), and total dry weight (TDW). Results indicated that among the different priming treatments, ZnO application had the most significant effect on RDW and TDW, which increased by 23.50% and 28.55%, respectively, compared to the control. The combined treatment of ZnO+FTL+FTA+HA yielded the highest SDW (81 mg per plant), representing an increase of approximately 39% over the control. Integrated priming methods, particularly those containing ZnO, significantly enhanced RL (by approximately 2–7.5%) and SDW (by approximately 7–39%). In conclusion, the findings demonstrate the positive impact of combining symbiotic fungi, HA, and ZnO, suggesting this as an effective strategy for improving rice growth and establishment during the early growth stages.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dry weight
  • Humic acid
  • Trichoderma
  • Zinc oxide nanoparticles

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علوم و تحقیقات بذر ایران
دوره 12، شماره 3
مهر 1404
صفحه 1-17

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