نقش زمان کاربرد و غلظت تری‌بنورون‌متیل در شکل‌دهی پاسخهای بذری: رمزگشایی سازوکارهای مقاومت و حساسیت در خردل وحشی (Sinapis arvensis L.)از طریق شاخص‌های بیوشیمیایی و فیزیولوژیکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم علف‌های‌هرز، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 استاد، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

3 اردبیل- شهرستان پارس آباد، کیلومتر ۱۲ جاده اصلاندوز- مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، بخش گیاهپزشکی، رسول فخاری

10.22124/jms.2025.9384

چکیده

به منظور ارزیابی بیوتیپ‌های حساس و مقاوم خردل وحشی به علف‌کش تری‌بنورون‌متیل آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در آزمایشگاه دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی و در سال 1402 انجام شد. عامل اول بیوتیپ خردل وحشی در 2 سطح (مقاوم و حساس)، عامل دوم زمان اعمال علف‌کش در ۲ سطح (مرحله ترک‌خوردگی پوسته بذر و جوانه‌زنی بذر)، و عامل سوم غلظت‌های علف‌کش تری‌بنورون‌متیل (0، 5، 10، 15، 20، 25 و 30 گرم در هکتار) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که برهمکنش سه‌گانه عامل‌ها بر شاخص‌های کلروفیل a و b، مالون‌دی‌آلدهید، پروتئین و رشد گیاهچه معنی‌دار بود. در بیوتیپ مقاوم، کاربرد علف‌کش در مرحله ترک‌خوردگی پوسته بذر با غلظت 15 گرم در هکتار موجب افزایش 185 درصدی کلروفیل a و پروتئین نسبت به شاهد شد، درحالی‌که در مرحله جوانه‌زنی، غلظت 30 گرم در هکتار کاهش 53 درصدی این شاخص‌ها را نشان داد. سطح مالون دی‌آلدهید در بیوتیپ مقاوم در مرحله جوانه‌زنی بدون علف‌کش به طور غیرمنتظره‌ای افزایش یافت که احتمالاً نشانگر فعال‌سازی مکانیسم‌های دفاعی است. در مقابل، بیوتیپ حساس در غلظت‌های بالا (20-30 گرم در هکتار) افزایش 153 درصدی کلروفیل و پروتئین را نشان داد که احتمالاً ناشی از پاسخ تنشی ناموفق باشد. جالب این که بیوتیپ مقاوم در غیاب علف‌کش نیز رشد ریشه‌چه بهتری نسبت به بیوتیپ حساس داشت که نشان‌دهنده عدم هزینه شایستگی برای مقاومت است. این یافته‌ها نشان داد که مقاومت به علف‌کش در خردل وحشی می‌تواند با مکانیسم‌های جبرانی مؤثر همراه باشد و حتی در غیاب علف‌کش نیز مزیت رقابتی ایجاد کند. بنابراین، مدیریت تلفیقی مبتنی بر تناوب علف‌کش‌ها با مکانیسم‌های عمل متفاوت و استفاده از غلظت‌های بهینه بر اساس مرحله رشد گیاه، برای جلوگیری از گسترش جمعیت‌های مقاوم ضروری است. این مطالعه بینش جدیدی در مورد سازوکارهای مولکولی مقاومت و پیامدهای اکولوژیک آن ارائه می‌دهد که می‌تواند در طراحی راهکار‌های کنترل پایدار علف‌های هرز مؤثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The role of application time and concentration of tribenuron-methyl in seed responses shaping: Decoding resistance and sensitivity mechanisms in wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) through biochemical and physiological indicators

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rafat Hassani nasab Farzaneh 1
  • Ahmad Tobeh 2
  • Sodabeh Jahanbakhsh 2
  • Rasoul Fakhari 3
  • Mohammad Ahmadi 1
1 Ph.D. Student, Weed Science, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
3 Plant Protection Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Ardabil Province (Moghan), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Moghan, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the sensitive and resistant biotypes of wild mustard weed to the herbicide tribenuron-methyl, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in the laboratory of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2013. The first factor was the wild mustard biotype at 2 levels (resistant and sensitive), the second factor was the time of herbicide application at 2 levels (seed coat cracking and seed germination stage), and the third factor was the herbicide tribenuron-methyl (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 3 g.ha-1). The results showed that the triple interaction of the factors on the indices of chlorophyll a and b, malondialdehyde, seedling growth, and development was significant (p<0.01). In the resistant biotype, herbicide application at the seed coat cracking stage with 15 g in growth resulted in a 185% increase in chlorophyll and growth ratio, whereas at the tillering stage, 30 g showed a 53% reduction in these indices. Malondialdehyde levels in the resistant biotype at the germination stage without herbicide increased unexpectedly, probably indicating the activation of defense mechanisms. In contrast, the sensitive biotype at high levels (20-30 g.ha-1) showed a 153% increase in chlorophyll and growth, probably due to a failed stress response. Interestingly, the resistant biotype also produced better root growth than the sensitive biotype in the absence of herbicide, indicating that there was no cost to resistance. These findings support the idea that in wild mustard, they can be accompanied by compensatory mechanisms and provide a competitive advantage even in the absence of herbicides. Therefore, integrated management based on the rotation of herbicides with different mechanisms of action and their use according to the plant growth stage is necessary to prevent the spread of resistant populations. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of resistance and ecological consequences that can be used in the design of sustainable weed control strategies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fitness cost
  • Herbicide resistance
  • Integrated weed management
  • Physiological responses
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