ارزیابی شاخص‌های کیفی جوانه‌زنی و رشد اولیه گیاهچه نخودفرنگی علوفه‌ای در پاسخ به قارچ عامل بیماری پژمردگی آوندی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 موسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 محقق، موسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

10.22124/jms.2025.8803

چکیده

آلودگی بذر به قارچ Fusarium spp. یکی از مهمترین تهدیدهای عمده برای کیفیت بذر و عملکرد محصولات کشاورزی از جمله نخودفرنگی علوفه‌ای است. هدف از این پژوهش، شناسایی عامل قارچی بذرزاد پژمردگی آوندی فوزاریومی در نمونه‌های بذری نخودفرنگی علوفه‌ای، ارزیابی میزان تأثیر آلودگی طبیعی بذر روی برخی صفات مرتبط با جوانه‌زنی بذر و رشد اولیه­ی گیاهچه­ها و همچنین بررسی روند انتقال آلودگی و بروز بیماری در گیاهان نسل بعد می‌باشد. به منظور تشخیص آلودگی، از بذور ارقام مختلف نخودفرنگی علوفه‌ای وارداتی و تولید شده در مزارع استان آذربایجان شرقی (منطقه کلیبر) بر اساس ضوابط انجمن بین المللی آزمون بذر نمونه‌برداری شد. جدایه‌های قارچی بر اساس ویژگی‌های ریخت‌شناختی و آغازگرهای اختصاصی گونه شناسایی شدند. در مجموع بر اساس ویژگی‌های ریخت‌شناختی و آغازگرهای اختصاصی گونه، هفت جدایه­ی قارچی متعلق به Fusarium oxysporum شناسایی شدند. میزان شاخص بیماری ناشی از جدایه‌های بیماریزا و کم‌بیماریزا روی گیاهچه‌های نخودفرنگی علوفه‌ای از 02/2 ± 50/53 درصد تا 75/0 ± 25/9 درصد متغیر بود. نتایج حاصل از بررسی میزان انتقال آلودگی ناشی از قارچ F. oxysporum از بذر به گیاه نسل بعد نشان داد که میزان بروز بیماری پژمردگی آوندی فوزاریومی در محدوده­ی صفر تا 17/2 درصد متغیر بود. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که پیش‌بینی دقیق میزان بروز بیماری بذرزاد به علت عدم اطلاع از میزان بیماریزایی جدایه‌های قارچی و سطح حساسیت متفاوت ارقام به آسانی امکان‌پذیر نیست. وجود یا عدم وجود آلودگی در بذر نمی‌تواند تعیین کننده سطح کیفیت بذر و سلامت گیاهچه‌های نخودفرنگی علوفه‌ای باشد، بلکه این میزان بیماریزایی است که روی صفات مرتبط با ویژگی‌های جوانه‌زنی و رشد اولیه­ی گیاهچه­ها تأثیرگذار است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of quality indicators of germination and early growth of forage pea seedling in response to the fungus causing Fusarium vascular wilt disease

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nima Khaledi 1
  • Mohamad Rahmani 2
  • Farshid Hassani 1
  • Leila Zare 1
1 Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
2 Researcher, Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Seeds infection by Fusarium spp. fungus is one of the most important threats to seed quality and yield of agricultural crops, including forage pea. The aim of this research was to identify the seed-borne fungal agents of Fusarium vascular wilt from forage pea seed samples, to evaluate the effect of naturally infected seeds on some traits related to seed germination and early seedlings growth, and also investigate the process of infection transmission and the disease incidence in the next generation plant. In order to diagnose infection, from seed of different forage pea cultivars imported and produced in fields of the Kaleybar region of East Azerbaijan province were sampled according to the International Seed Testing Association rules (ISTA). Fungal isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics and species-specific primers. In total, seven fungal isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics and species-specific primers belonging to Fusarium oxysporum. The disease index level by pathogenic and low pathogenic isolates on forage pea seedlings were varied ranged from 53.50 ± 2.02% to 25.9 ± 0.75%. The results of the study of the infection transmission rate caused by the fungus F. oxysporum from seed to the next generation plant showed that the incidence of Fusarium vascular wilt disease were varied ranged from 0 and 2.17%. The results of this research showed that accurate prediction of the incidence of seed-borne disease is not easily possible due to lack of information about the pathogenicity level of fungal isolates and different levels of sensitivity of cultivars. The presence or absence of infection in the seed cannot determine the level of seed quality and seedlings health of forage pea, but rather it is the level of pathogenicity that affects the traits related to germination characteristics and early seedlings growth.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Disease incidence
  • Pathogenicity
  • Vascular wilt
  • Fusarium
  • Disease index
  • Identification
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