افزایش عملکرد و کنترل بیماری های مهم بذر جو تحت تیمارهای بذرمال روی و قارچ‌کش‌‌های متداول

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش و کارشناس ارشد آزمایشگاه سلامت بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال-کرج. ایران

2 مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر ونهال. سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

10.22124/jms.2024.8792

چکیده

بذرهای جو رقم گوهران در راستای ارزیابی عملکرد و بیماری­های بذرزاد مهم جو، تحت شش تیمار قارچ­کش­ دیویدند استار مایع (دو در هزار)، کاربوکسین تیرام مایع (5/2 در هزار)، راکسیل مایع (5/0در هزار)، لاماردو مایع (2/0 در هزار)، رورال تی­اس (یک در هزار) و فاقد قارچ­کش­، و سه تیمار بذرمال روی شامل روی کاوین، روی زاگورت و بدون بذرمال روی قرار گرفتند. سپس توسط عوامل بیماری­زای سیاهک آشکار، سیاهک سخت و لکه قهوه­ای نواری جو آلوده شدند و در مزرعه بر پایه فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار طی دو سال زراعی کشت شدند. میانگین شاخص­های عملکرد دانه (40 %) و عملکرد بیولوژیک (20 %)، درصد شاخص برداشت (20 %) پس از  مقایسه اثرمتقابل سه قارچ­کش راکسیل، رورال تی­اس و کاربوکسین تیرام به همراه بذرمال روی کاوین و زاگورات افزایش معنی­داری را نسبت به شاهد و دو قارچ­کش دیگر نشان دادند. تیمارهای قارچ­کش و بذرمال روی بر درصد جوانه­زنی بذرهای جو تاثیری نداشتند. تیمارهای بذرمال روی نتوانستند اثری بر درصد بیماری­های بذرزاد اعمال نمایند. قارچ­کش­های لاماردو وکاربوکسین تیرام در بیماری سیاهک آشکار (6 %)، کاربوکسین تیرام در بیماری سیاهک سخت (5 %) و رورال تی­اس در بیماری لکه قهوه­ای نواری جو (20 %) نسبت به شاهد سبب کاهش درصد بیماری شدند. در مجموع پیشنهاد می­شود از دو قارچ­کش رورال تی­اس و کاربوکسین تیرام در راستای کنترل سه بیماری­های مهم بذرزاد جو در ترکیب با تیمارهای بذرمال روی کاوین و زاگورات برای افزایش عملکرد در مزرعه استفاده گردد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Improve Barely yield and control important seed diseases under Zn-seed treatments and common fungicides

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehran Sharafizadeh 1
  • Leila Zare 2
1 Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute. Agricultural Research, education and Extension Organization (AREEO). Tehran, Iran
2 Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute. Agricultural Research, education and Extension Organization (AREEO). Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Barely seeds Cv. Goharan were exposed to six fungicide treatments Dividend star (2 per 1000), Carboxin Thiram (2.5 per 1000), Raxil (0.5 per 1000), Lamardor (0.2 per 1000), Rovral-TS (2.5 per 1000) and non-fungicide, and three Zn-seed treatments, Zn-Kavin, Zn-Zagorat and non-Zn seed treatment to evaluate yield and important barely's seed-borne diseases. Then, seeds were infected by loose smut, covered smut, and leaf brown stripe. After that, seed were cultivated in four replications in the field during two growing years based on complete randomized block design. After seed treated with three fungicide treatments (Raxil, Rovral-TS and Carboxin Thiram) was used along with Kavin and Zagorat Zn-seed treatments, mean grain yield (40 percent), biological yield (20 percent), and harvest index percent (20 percent) indexes significantly increased than control and two other fungicides. It was revealed that fungicides and Zn-seed treatments had no significant influence on barely seed germination percentage. Zn- seed treatments could not have affected on percentage of seed-borne disease. Some fungicides like Lamardo and Carboxin tiram decreased covered smut (6 percent), and, Carboxin tiram decreased covered smut (5 percent), and Rovral-TS decreased leaf brown stripe (20 percent) respectively, in comparison with control. In conclusion, it was suggested that two fungicide treatments Rovral-TS and Carboxin tiram were applied along with Kavin and Zagorat as Zn-seed treatments to boost yield and control three important barely's seed-borne diseases in the field.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Barely crops
  • Fungicide
  • Micronutrient elements
  • Seed-borne diseases
  • Yield
Anonymous. 2003a. Handbook for Seedling Evaluation (3rd.Ed.). International Seed Testing Association (ISTA). Zurich, Switzerland. 223pp. (Book)
Anonymous. 2003b. International rules for seed testing. International Seed Testing Association (ISTA). Zurich, Switzerland. 343pp. (Book)
Anonymous. 2012. ISTA. International Rules for Seed Testing. Annex to Chapter 7 Seed Health Testing. Seed Health Testing Methods. International Seed Testing Association, Bassersdorf, Switzerland. (Book)
Anonymous. 2022. ISTA. International Rules for Seed Testing. International Seed Testing Associations. (Book)
Anonymous. 2023. Agricultural statistics in 2022 year. 1st version: Field crops. 1-103. (Book)
Bhatta, M., Regassa, T., Wegulo, S.N. and Baenziger, P.S. 2018. Foliar fungicide effects on disease severity, yield, and agronomic characteristics of modern winter wheat genotypes. Agronomy Journal, 110: 602-610. (Journal) https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2017.07.0383
Bingham, I.J., Hoad, S.P., Thomas, W.T.B. and Newton, A.C. 2012. Yield response to fungicide of spring barley genotypes differing in disease susceptibility and canopy structure. Field Crops Research, 139: 9-19. (Journal) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2012.10.004
Fageria, N.K., Baligar, V.C. and Clark. R.B. 2006. Physiology of crop production. New York: Haworth Press. (Book) https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482277807
Farooq, M., Amanullah, R.A., Nawaz, A., Nadeem, A., Wakeel, A., Nadeem, F. and Siddique, K.H.M. 2018. Application of zinc improves the productivity and bio-fortification of fine grain aromatic rice grown in dry seeded and puddled transplanted production systems. Field Crops Research, 216: 53–62. (Journal) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.11.004
Gangwar, O.P., Bhardwaj, S.C., Singh, G.P., Prasad, P. and Kumar, S. 2018. Barley disease and their management: An Indian perspective. Wheat and Barley Research, 10(3): 138-150. (Journal) Doi.org/10.25174/2249-4065/2018/83844
Ghaderi-Far, F. and Soltani, A. 2014. Seed testing and control. Publications University of Mashhad. 200 pp. (In Persian). (Book)
Ghasemi, M., Ghorban, N., Madani, H., Mobasser, H.R. and Nouri, M. 2017. Effect of foliar application of zinc nano oxide on agronomic traits of two varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Crop research, 52: 195-201. (Journal) 10.5958/2454-1761.2017.00017.1   
Halim, A., Paul, S.K., Sarkar, M.A.R., Rashid, M.H., Perveen, S., Mia, M.L., Islam, M.S. and Islam, A.K.M.M. 2023. Field assessment of two micronutrients (zinc and boron) on the seed yield and oil content of mustard. Seeds, 2: 127–137. (Journal) https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds2010010
Hampton, J.G. and Hill, M.J. 2002. Seed quality and New Zealand’s native plants: An unexplored relationship? New Zealand Journal of Botany, 40(3): 357–364. (Journal)  https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2002.9512796
Hrivna, L. 2003. The effect of a fungicide application on the yield and quality of barley grain and malt. Plant Soil and Environment, 49 (10): 451–456. (Journal) DOI: 10.17221/4156-PSE
Huggins, D.R. and Pan, W.L. 1993. Nitrogen efficiency component analysis: an evaluation of cropping system differences in productivity. Journal of Agronomy, 85(4): 898-905. (Journal) https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500040022x
Junqueira, V.B., Muller, C., Almeida Rodrigues, A., Simioni Amaral, T., Ferreira Batista, P., Alves Silva, A. and Carlos Costa, A. 2021. Do fungicides affect the physiology, reproductive development and productivity of healthy soybean plants? Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 172: 104754. (Journal) DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104754
Khaledi, N., Zare, L., Hassani, F. and Moslemkhani, C. 2023.  Effect of seed disinfection on the quality indicators of germination and the incidence of Loose smut disease of barley. Plant Protection, 45(4): 53-76. (Journal) 10.22055/PPR.2023.17997
Kinaci, G. and Kinaci, E. 2007. Effect of zinc application on quality traits of barley in semi-arid zones of Turkey. Plant, Soil and Environment, 51: (7): 328–334. (Journal) DOI: 10.17221/3594-PSE
Lamichhane, J.R., You, M.P., Laudinot, V., Barbetti, M.J. and Aubertot. J.N. 2020. Revisiting sustainability of fungicide seed treatments for field crops. Plant Disease, 104: 610–623. (Journal) DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-06-19-1157-FE
Liu, L., Nian, H. and Lian, T. 2022. Plants and rhizospheric environment: Affected by zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). A review. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 185: 91–100. (Journal) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.05.032
Ludwig, Y. and Slamet-Loedin, I.H. 2019. Genetic biofortification to enrich rice and wheat grain iron: from genes to product. Frontiers in Plant Science,10: 833. (Journal) DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00833
Lugtenberg, B.J., Caradus, J.R. and Johnson, L.J. 2016. Fungal endophytes for sustainable crop production. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 92: 194. (Journal) https://doi.org/10.1093 /femsec/fiw194
Machado, C.G., Silva, G.Z.D., Cruz, S.C.S., Anjos, R.C.L.D., Silva, C.L., Matos, L.F.L.D. and Smaniott, A.O. 2023. Germination and vigor of soybean and corn seeds treated with mixed mineral fertilizers. Plants, 12: 338. (Journal) https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12020338
Marcondes, M.C., Andreoli, C. and Miglioranza, E. 2011. Viability equation to determine the longevity of fungicide-treated seeds of wheat stored in a conventional warehouse. Acta Scientiarum Agronomy, 33: 539-544. (Journal) https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v33i3.6455
Mathur, S.B. and Kongsdal, O. 2003. Common laboratory seed Health testing methods for detecting fungi. International Seed Testing Association (ISTA), 425 pp. (Book)
Mohsin, A.U., Ahmad, A.U.H., Farooq, M. and Ullah, S. 2014. Influence of zinc application through seed treatment and foliar spray on growth, productivity and grain quality of hybrid maize. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 24(5): 1494-1503. (Journal) Corpus ID: 55802700
Mourtzinis, S., Marburger, D., Gaska, J., Diallo, T., Lauer, J.G. and Conley, S. 2017. Corn, soybean, and wheat yield response to crop rotation, nitrogen rates, and foliar fungicide application. Crop Science, 57: 983-992. (Journal) https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2016.10.0876
Mueller, D.S. and Bradley, C.A. 2008. Field crop fungicide for the north central United States. North Central Integrated Pest Management Center, Urbana-Champaign, IL. (Book)
Nasresfahani, M., Ghoraybi, M.J. and Jalali, S. 2010. The effect of absorption fungicides in field conditions against barely loose smut. Quarterly Journal of Medicinal Plants, 3(1): 299-309. (Journal) https://sanad.iau.ir/en/Journal/ppj/Article/909620
Nikkhah, H.R., Yousefi, A., Qazvini, H., Sorkhi, B., Jasemi, S-Sh., Patpour, M. and Taheri, M. et al. 2018. Goharan, A new terminal drought tolerant barley cultivar with high water use productivity for cultivation in the moderate agro-climate zone of Iran. Research Achivement for Field and Horticulture crops, 7(1): 83-95. (Journal) 10.22092/RAFHC.2018.116849.1111
Nissar R., Zahida, R., Kanth, R.H., Manzoor, G., Shafeeq, R., Ashaq, H., Waseem, R., Bhat, R.A., Bhat, M.A. and Tahir, S. 2019. Agronomic biofortification of major cereals with zinc and iron- A review. Agricultural Reviews, 40: 21–28. (Journal) 10.18805/ag.R-1860
Pedda-Babu, P., Shanti, M., Prasad, B.R. and Minhas, P.S. 2007. Effect of zinc on rice in rice –black gram cropping system in saline soils. Andhra Agriculture Journal, 54 (1-2): 47-50. (Journal) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286751402
Pimentao, A.R., Cuco, A.P., Pascoal, C., Cassio, F. and Castro, B.B. 2024. Current trends and mismatches on fungicide use and assessment of the ecological effects in freshwater ecosystems. Environmental Pollution, 347: 123678. (Journal) 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123678.
Rajabi, M., Aghnoum, R., Drakhshan, A. and Taherian, M. 2021. Investigating the effect of several fungicides and non-chemical compounds on the control of leaf-stripe barley on different cultivars. Applied Plant Protection, 9(2): 115-126. (In Persian with English Abstract). (Journal) https://sanad.iau.ir/journal/plant/Article/684289?jid=684289&lang=en
Rehman, A. and Farooq, M. 2016. Zinc seed coating improves the growth, grain yield and grain biofortification of bread wheat. Acta Physiol Plant, 38: 238. (Journal) https://doi.org/10.1007 /s11738-016-2250-3
Rehman, H., Aziz, T., Farooq, M., Wakeel, A. and Rengel, Z. 2012. Zinc nutrition in rice production systems: A review. Plant Soil, 361: 203–226. (Journal) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1346-9
Rossini, A., Ruggeri, R. and Rossini, F.2024. Discriminating among alternative dressing solutions for cereal seed treatment: effect on germination and seedling vigor of durum wheat. International Journal of Plant Biology, 15: 230-241. (Journal) https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb15020019
Shekhawat, P.S., Selvakumar, R., Harshraj kanwar, B.D.S. and Nathawat, S. 2017. Identification of suitable seed dressing fungicides for the management of barley loose smut. Trends in Biosciences, 10(18): 3224-3226. (Journal) ISSN 0974-8431, 3224-3226
Ullah, A., Farooq, M., Hussain, M., Ahmad, R. and Wakeel, A. 2019. Zinc seed coating improves emergence and seedling growth in desi and kabuli chickpea types but shows toxicity at higher concentration. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 21: 553-559. (Journal) https://doi.org/10.17957/IJAB/15.0928
Veena M. and Puthur, J.T. 2022. Seed nutripriming with zinc is an apt tool to alleviate malnutrition. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 44: 2355–2373. (Journal) 10.1007/s10653-021-01054-2
Woldemichael, M.D. 2019. Importance, biology, epidemiology, and management of loose smut (Ustilago nuda) of Barley (Hordeum vulgare): A review. East African Journal of Sciences, 13(1): 89-108. (Journal) https://www.ajol.info/index.php/eajsci/article/view/189737
Yang, J.P., Sieling, K. and Hanus, H. 2000. Effects of fungicide on grain yield of barley grown in different cropping systems. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 185(3): 153–162. (Journal) https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-037x.2000.00415.x