واکنش جوانه‌زنی برخی گونه‌های علف‌هرز تاج‌خروس (Amaranthus sp) در پاسخ به دما و نور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 1. دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد رشته علوم علف‌های هرز، گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 استاد، گروه زراعت دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

4 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

5 اتحاد کشاورزی و نوآوری غذایی کوئینزلند، دانشگاه کوئینزلند ، توومبا ، کوئینزلند ، استرالیا

10.22124/jms.2024.8789

چکیده

این آزمایش دوساله با هدف بررسی دماهای ثابت و نور بر جوانه‌زنی بذر گونه‌های تاج‌خروس سفید (Amaranthus albus)، تاج‌خروس دورگ (Amaranthus chlorostachys)، تاج‌خروس ریشه‌قرمز (Amaranthus retroflexus) و تاج‌خروس سبزرنگ (Amaranthus viridis) در سال‌های 1397 و 1398 در دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان انجام شد. در سال اول، تغییرات جوانه‌زنی گونه‌های مختلف تاج‌خروس به صورت ماهانه طی پس‌رسی به مدت 12 ماه، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در ماه پنجم پس‌رسی، جوانه‌زنی بذر گونه‌های مختلف تاج‌خروس در دماهای 10، 15، 20، 25، 30، 35، 40 و 45 سانتی‌گراد در شرایط نور و تاریکی بررسی شد. در سال دوم، جوانه‌زنی بذر گونه‌های مذکور در دماهای 10، 15، 20، 25، 30 و 35 درجه سانتی‌گراد در چهار شرایط نور همراه با اسیدجیبرلیک، نور بدون اسیدجیبرلیک، تاریکی همراه با اسیدجیبرلیک و تاریکی بدون اسیدجیبرلیک مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. درصد جوانه‌زنی گونه‌های مختلف تاج‌خروس طی دوره پس‌رسی افزایش یافت؛ اگرچه روند آن در گونه‌های مختلف، متفاوت بود. کاربرد اسیدجیبرلیک نیز سبب بهبود جوانه‌زنی شد. بنابراین کمون بذرهای گونه‌های مذکور، فیزیولوژیک غیرعمیق می‌باشد. با افزایش دما به 30 تا 35 درجه سانتی‌گراد، درصد جوانه‌زنی گونه‌های مختلف تاج‌خروس افزایش یافت و اسیدجیبرلیک نیز سبب بهبود درصد و سرعت جوانه‌زنی آنها گردید. همچنین مصرف اسیدجیبرلیک سبب کاهش دمای پایه جوانه‌زنی شد. چنین واکنش‌هایی به نور و دما، تضمین کننده جوانه‌زنی این گیاهان در بهار و در سطح خاک می‌باشد. کاهش دمای پایه جوانه‌زنی نیز ممکن است سبب جوانه‌زنی بعضی از گونه‌های تاج‌خروس قبل از فصل بهار شود. درصد جوانه‌زنی اندک به‌ویژه در دماهای پایین، از نظر زیستی بسیار مهم است؛ زیرا ممکن است جمعیت قابل توجهی از علف‌های هرز در مزرعه ظاهر و سبب بروز مشکلات برای کشاورزان شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Germination response of some Amaranthus species to temperature and light

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ladan Zinati 1
  • Asieh Siahmarguee 2
  • Farshid Ghaderi-Far 3
  • Masomeh Yones-Abadi 4
  • Bhagirath Singh Chauhan 5
1 MSc student of Weed Science, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Protection, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Associated Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Protection, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Protection, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
4 Associated Professor, Department of Plant Protection Research, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Recourses Research and Education Center, Organization of Agricultural Research, Education and Extension, Gorgan, Iran
5 Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
چکیده [English]

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of constant temperatures and light on seed germination of white pigweed (Amaranthus albus), smooth pigweed (Amaranthus chlorostachys), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), and green amaranth (Amaranthus viridis) in 2018 and 2019 at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. In the first year, germination of different species of Amaranthus were studied monthly over a 12-month after-ripening period. In the fifth month of after-ripening, seed germination of different Amaranthus species was studied at temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 °C under light and darkness conditions. In the second year, seed germination of the mentioned species was investigated at temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C in four conditions: light with gibberellic acid, light without gibberellic acid, darkness with gibberellic acid and darkness without gibberellic acid. The germination percentage of different species of Amaranthus increased during the after-ripening period; although the process were varied in different species. The application of gibberellic acid also improved germination. Therefore, seed dormancy of the mentioned species is non deep physiologically. Germination percentage of different species of Amaranthus increased in temperatures of 30-35 °C, and gibberellic acid also improved their germination percentage and rate. Also, the use of gibberellic acid reduced base temperature of germination. Such responses to light and temperature ensure the germination of these plants in spring and on the soil surface. A decrease in the base temperature of germination may also cause the germination of some species of Amaranthus before spring. Low germination percentages, especially at low temperatures, are biologically important because small but significant populations of weeds may appear in the field and cause problems for farmers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • After-ripening
  • Cardinal germination temperatures
  • Germination rate
  • Gibberellic acid
  • Physiological dormancy
  • Segmented model

مراجع

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دوره 11، شماره 3
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