ارزیابی میزان انتقال و تأثیر بیماری سیاهک آشکار روی برخی از شاخصهای رشدی گیاهچه‌های جو در مزرعه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

2 محقق، موسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

3 استادیار پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

10.22124/jms.2024.8660

چکیده

تشخیص سریع و دقیق عوامل بیماریزای همراه با بذر جهت پیشگیری و کنترل بیماری‌های بذرزاد ضروری است. بیماری سیاهک آشکار یکی از مهمترین بیماری‌های قارچی بذرزاد جو در سراسر جهان است که موجب کاهش عملکرد محصول می‌شود. هدف از این پژوهش مقایسه روش‌های مختلف برای ردیابی و تشخیص عامل بیماری سیاهک آشکار در نمونه‌های بذری، میزان انتقال بیماری به نسل بعد و ارزیابی تأثیر آلودگی بذر روی برخی از شاخص‌های رشدی گیاهچه‌ها در مزرعه می‌باشد. به­منظور ردیابی آلودگی در نمونه‌های بذری و شناسایی قارچ عامل بیماری سیاهک آشکار، از ارقام مختلف جو تولید شده در مزارع استان‌های اصفهان، خوزستان، خراسان شمالی، خراسان جنوبی، البرز و همدان بر اساس شیوه نامه­ی انجمن بین المللی آزمون بذر نمونه‌برداری شد. نتایج مقایسه­ی روش‌های تشخیصی نشان داد که آزمون اصلاح شده شمارش جنین در مقایسه با روش ایکاردا بر اساس حساسیت، مدت زمان مورد نیاز، سادگی و هزینه می‌تواند به عنوان روش قابل اعتمادتری برای ردیابی آلودگی سیاهک در نمونه‌های بذری در نظر گرفته شود. نتایج نشان داد که همبستگی مثبت قوی بین میزان آلودگی ردیابی شده در آزمون اصلاح شده شمارش جنین و میزان بروز بیماری در مزرعه وجود دارد. آلودگی بذر به‌طور قابل‌توجهی روی شاخص‌های رشدی گیاهچه در مزرعه تأثیر گذاشته و ضمن افزایش متوسط زمان لازم برای ظهور گیاهچه‌ها، موجب کاهش سرعت ظهور گیاهچه‌ها در مزرعه گردید. نتایج نشان داد که وجود آلودگی به سیاهک آشکار در نمونه‌های بذری در مقایسه با شاهد تأثیر قابل توجه روی درصد سبز نهایی در مزرعه داشته است. یافته‌های این پژوهش دیدگاه‌های جدیدی را درباره تأثیر میزان آلودگی بذرها روی شاخص‌های رشدی گیاهچه‌ها و میزان انتقال بیماری در مزرعه ارائه می‌دهد که می‌توانند در بازنگری استاندارد ملی سلامت بذر جو و مدیریت مؤثر این بیماری مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the transmission rate and effect of loose smut disease on the some growth indicators of barley seedlings in the field

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nima Khaledi 1
  • Leila Zare 2
  • Saman Sheidaei 3
1 Research Assistant professor, Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
2 Researcher, Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
3 Research Assistant professor, Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Quick and accurate diagnosis of pathogenic agents associated with seeds is necessary for the prevention and control of seed-borne diseases. Loose smut disease is one of the most important seed-borne fungal diseases of barley throughout world, which causes a decrease in crop yield. The aim of this study was to compare different methods of the detection and diagnosis of the loose smut disease agents in seed samples, transmission rate to the next generation and to evaluate the effect of seeds infection on the growth indicators of seedlings in the field. In order to detect infection in seed samples and identify the fungus that causes loose smut disease, from different cultivars of barley produced in the some fields of Isfahan, Khuzestan, North Khorasan, South Khorasan, Alborz and Hamedan provinces were sampled according to the International Seed Testing Association rules (ISTA). The results of comparison of diagnosis methods showed that the modified embryo test compared to ICARDA method can be considered as a more reliable method for detect smut infection in seed samples based on sensitivity, time required, simplicity and cost. The results revealed that there is a strong positive correlation between level of seed infection detected in the modified embryo test and the disease incidence in the field. Infected seeds has significantly affected the growth indicators of seedlings in the field while increasing the mean emergence time, the causes decreasing the field emergence rate and final emergence percentage in field. The findings of this research provide new insights into the effect of seed infection on the growth indicators of seedlings and transmission rate of disease in the field, which can be used for the revision of the national standard for barley seed and the effective management of this disease.

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