تأثیر محتوای رطوبت بذر و مدت انبارکردن بر جوانه‌زنی و رشد اولیه گیاهچه سه رقم گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) در استان مازندران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم و تکنولوژی بذر، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران

2 دانشیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، واحد قائمشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قائم‌شهر، ایران

4 استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

این تحقیق به­منظور بررسی تأثیر محتوای رطوبت بذر و مدت انبارکردن بر برخی خصوصیات جوانه­زنی گیاهچه سه رقم گندم در استان مازندران به­صورت کرت­های دو بار خرد شده بر اساس طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با 4 تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارها بذرهای ارقام مروارید، میلان و N8019 برداشت­شده با محتوای رطوبت­های10،12 ،14 و16درصد و انبارشده به­مدت 2،3 و4 ماه بعد از برداشت بودند. با آزمون جوانه­زنی استاندارد، درصد جوانه­زنی نهایی، درصد گیاهچه­های عادی، متوسط زمان جوانه­زنی، طول و وزن خشک گیاهچه و شاخص­های وزنی و طولی بنیه (به­ترتیب حاصلضرب وزن خشک و طول گیاهچه در درصد جوانه­زنی نهائی) گیاهچه تعیین و هدایت­الکتریکی مواد مترشحه از بذرها اندازه­گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد بذرهای برداشت­شده با محتوای رطوبت10 درصد و انبارشده به­مدت2 ماه، بذرهای ارقام میلان و  N8019انبارشده به­مدت4 ماه و بذرهای رقم میلان برداشت­شده با محتوای رطوبت12 درصد از بیش­ترین درصد جوانه­زنی نهائی به­میزان 98 درصد برخوردار بودند. بذرهای ارقام مروارید و میلان برداشت­شده با محتوای رطوبت10 درصد و 2 ماه انبارشده و بذرهای رقم  N8019با محتوای رطوبت 12 درصد برداشت و 2 ماه انبارشده دارای بیش­ترین درصد گیاهچه­های عادی به­میزان 98 درصد بودند. کم­ترین متوسط زمان جوانه­زنی به بذرهای رقم میلان برداشت­شده با محتوای رطوبت بذر10 درصد و 2 ماه انبارشده به­میزان210/1 روز، تعلق داشت. بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق، محتوای رطوبت بذر در هنگام برداشت مطلوب برای رقم مروارید10 و برای ارقام میلان و N8019 12 درصد و مدت انبارمانی مناسب بذر برای رقم مروارید سه ماه و برای ارقام میلان و N8019 دو ماه بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of seed moisture content and storage duration on three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars germination and early seedling growth in Mazandaran province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farhad Saghafi Kenari 1
  • Aidin Hamidi 2
  • Hamidreza Mobasser 3
  • Mohammad Nabi Ilkaee 4
1 MS.C. Graduated of Seed Science and Technology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
2 Research Associate Professor, Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Ghaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ghaemshahr, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

This research conducted in order to study on effect of seed moisture content and storage duration on some germination and vigor traits of 3 wheat cultivars at Mazandaran province as split split plot based on complete randomized design by 4 replications. Treatment were Morvarid, Milan and N8019 cultivars seeds which by 10, 12, 14 and 16 percent seed moisture content harvested and for 2, 3 and 4 month after harvest stored. By standard germination test, final germination and normal seedlings percent, mean germination time, seedling length and dry weight and seedling length and weight vigor indices (respectively seedling dry weight and length multiplication in final germination percent) determined and electro conductivity measured. Results revealed that, harvested seeds at 10 percent moisture content stored for 2 month, Milan and N8019 cultivars seeds stored for 4 month and Milan cultivar seeds harvested at 12 percent moisture content had the most final germination percent, 98 percent. Morvarid and Milan cultivars seeds harvested at 10 percent moisture content and stored 2 month and N8019 cultivar seeds harvested at 12 percent moisture content and stored 2 month had the most normal seedlings percent, 98 percent. The lowest mean germination time, 1.210 day, belonged to Milan cultivar seeds harvested at 10 percent moisture content and 2 month stored. Based on this research results, optimum seed moisture content at harvest for Morvarid cultivar was 10 percent and for Milan and N8019 were 12 percent and suitable seed storage duration was 3 months for Morvarid cultivar and for Milan and N8019 were 2 months.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Electrical conductivity
  • Seed quality improvement
  • Storability
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