اثر پلی‌آمین‌ها بر جوانه‌زنی، بیان برخی ژن‌ها و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانت در بذرهای کم‌بنیه جو

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثرات فرسودگی بذر و کاربرد پلی­آمین­ها بر شاخص­های جوانه­زنی، بیان ژن و فعالیت آنزیم­های آنتی­اکسیدانت گیاهچه­های جو آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام گرفت. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل سه سطح فرسودگی (شاهد، 11 و 14 روز) و دو نوع پلی­آمین (پوترسین و اسپرمین) بود. صفات اندازه­گیری شامل شاخص­های جوانه­زنی، فعالیت چند آنزیم آنتی­اکسیدانت و بیان ژن­های مربوط به آن­ها بود. نتایج بررسی نشان داد که فرسودگی بذر به­مدت 14 روز موجب کاهش درصد جوانه­زنی به میزان 24 درصد نسبت به شاهد شد، ولی کاربرد پوترسین آن را حدود 18 درصد افزایش داد. سرعت جوانه­زنی نیز در بذرهای 14 روز فرسوده­شده به میزان 36 درصد کاهش داشت که کاربرد اسپرمین آن را تا حدود 5/87 درصد افزایش داد. وزن خشک ساقه­چه و ریشه­چه به­ترتیب در حدود 2 و 3 برابر در تیمار کاربرد پوترسین و عدم فرسودگی نسبت به شاهد بیش­تر بود. بیش­ترین میزان فعالیت آنزیم­های آسکوربات پراکسیداز، پراکسیداز، پلی­فنل اکسیداز و سوپراکسید دیسمیوتاز در بذرهای فرسوده به­مدت 14 روز با کاربرد پوترسین مشاهده شد. میزان بیان نسبی ژن­های رمزکننده آنزیم­های سوپراکسیددیسموتاز و گلوتاتیون ترانسفراز در تیمار پوترسین و بذرهای فرسوده به­مدت 14 روز، 8 و 22 برابر نسبت به شاهد بیش­تر شد. همچنین، بیان نسبی ژن­های HSP90 و PR10 نیز در همین تیمار به­ترتیب 5 و 8 برابر شاهد بود. به­طورکلی، کاربرد پوترسین تا حدود زیادی موجب بهبود قدرت بذر جو گردید که این امر می­تواند ناشی از بهبود شرایط اکسیداتیو سلول، مقاومت پروتئین­های بذر به دلیل فعالیت بیش­تر HSP90 و افزایش غلظت درون­زاد هورمون­های بذر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of polyamines on germination, expression of some genes and activity of antioxidant enzymes in barley seeds with low vigour

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Sedghi 1
  • Hourieh Tavakoli 2
  • Nasibeh Tavakoli 2
  • Solmaz Azizi 2
  • Sahar Gholi-Tolouie 3
1 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabili, Iran
2 Ph.D student of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabili, Iran
3 Ph.D student of Virology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz. Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effects of seed aging and application of polyamines on the germination indices, gene expression and antioxidant enzymes activity in barley, a factorial experiment conducted based on completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments consisted of three aging levels (0, 11 and 14 days) and polyamines (putrescine and spermine). Germination indices, activity of antioxidant enzymes and expression of some genes were studied. Results showed that aging decreased germination percentage (GP) about 24 % in comparison to the control, but putrescine application increased GP about 18%. Germination rate (GR) decreased in the seeds aged for 14 days about 36 % and spermine increased GR about 87.5 %. Plumule and radicle dry weight increased 2 and 3 folds, respectively in putrescine and non-aged treatment rather than control. The highest activity of ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) observed in the seeds aged over 14 days with putrescine application. Relative expression of genes encoding SOD and glutathione transferase was 8 and 22 folds greater, respectively in putrescine applied seeds aged for 14 days over control. Relative expression rate for HSP90 and PR10 genes was 5 and 8 folds greater than control, respectively in the same treatment. In conclusion, putrescine application invigorated the weak barley seeds and it can be related to improving the oxidative state of cells, greater protein conservation by high activity of HSP90 and increasing in the endogenous levels of seed hormones. Further in depth studies require to prove the role of hormones in seed vigor.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant enzymes
  • Barley
  • Gene expression
  • Heat shock proteins
Alcázar, R., Altabella, T., Marco, F., Bortolotti, C., Reymond, M., Koncz, C., Carrasco, P. and Tiburcio, A. 2010. Polyamines: molecules with regulatory functions in plant abiotic stress tolerance. Planta, 231(6): 1237-1249. (Journal)
Anderson, J. and Davis, D. 2003. Abiotic stress alters transcript profiles and activity of glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in (Euphorbia esula). Plant Biology, 32:430-441. (Journal)
Ashraf, M. and Rauf, H. 2001. Inducing salt tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) through seed priming with chloride salt growth and ion transport at early growth stages. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,23:407-414. (Journal)
Bartels, D. and Sunkar, R. 2005. Drought and Salt Tolerance in Plants. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 24(1): 23-58. (Journal)
Basra, A.S., Singh, B. and Malik, C.P. 1994. Priming-induced changes in Polyamine levels in relation to vigor of aged Onion seeds. Botanical Bulletine of Academia Sinica, 35(1): 19-23. (Journal)
Basra, S.M.A., Ahmad, N., Khan, M.M., Iqbal, N. and Cheema, M.A. 2003. Assessment of cotton seed deterioration during accelerated ageing. Seed Science and Technology, 31: 531-542.. (Journal)
Bowler, C., Van Montagu, M. and Inzé, D. 1992. Superoxide dismutases and stress tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 43: 83-116. (Journal)
Bradford, K.J. 1995. Water relations in seed germination. In "Seed Development and Germination " (J. Kigel and G. Galili, Eds.). pp. 351-396. Marcel Dekker Inc. New York. (Book)
Burritt, D. 2008. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phenanthrene causes oxidative stress and alters polyamine metabolism in the aquatic liverwort Ricciafluitans L. Plant, Cell & Environment, 31(10): 1416-1431. (Journal)
Copeland, L.O. and McDonald. M.B. 2001. Principles of seed science and technology John Wiley and Sons, New York. 4th edition. (Book)
Demir, I. and Mavi, K. 2004. The effect of priming on seedling emergence of differentially matured watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum and Nakai) seeds. Scientia Horticulturae, 102:467–473. (Journal)
Ellis, R.H. 1992. Seed and seedling vigour in relation to crop growth and yield. Plant Growth Regulation, 11: 249-255.
Farooq, M., Aziz, T., Rehman, H., Rehman, A., Alam, S. and Aziz, C.T. 2011. Evaluating surface drying and re-drying for wheat seed priming with polyamines: effects on emergence, early seedling growth and starch metabolism. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 33: 1707–1713. (Journal)
Fujikura, Y., Kraak, H.L., Basra, A.S. and Karssen, C.M. 1993. Hydropriming a simple and inexpensive priming method. Seed Science and Technology, 21:693-642. (Journal)
Giannopolitis, C.N. and Ries, S.K. 1977. Superoxide dismutase. I. Occurrence in higher plants. Journal of Plant Physiology, 59: 309-314. (Journal)
Gressel, J. and Galun, E. 1994. Genetic controls of photo- oxidant tolerance, pp. 237-274. In: Causes of Photo-Oxidative Stress and Amelioration of Defense Systems in Plants. Foyer CH, Mullineaux PM, eds. CRC Press. (Book)
Huseynova, I. 2012. Photosynthetic characteristics and enzymatic antioxidant capacity of leaves from wheat cultivars exposed to drought. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 1817(8): 1516-1523. (Journal)
Janne, J., Alhonen, L., Pietia, M., and Keinanen, T.A. 2004. Genetic approach to the cellular function of polyamines in Arabidopsis. European Journal of Biochemistry, 271: 877-894.
Kaewnaree, P., Vichitphan, S., Klanrit, P., Siri, B. and Vichitphan, K. 2011. Effect of accelerated aging process on seed quality and biochemical chnages in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Seed Biotechnology, 10(2): 175-182. (Journal)
Kafi, M., Nezami, A., Hosaini, H. and Masomi, A. 2005. Physiological effects of drought stress by polyethylene glycol on germination of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) genotypes. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 3(1): 69-80.
Kapoor, N., Arya, A., Siddiqui, M.A., Amir, A. and Kumar, H. 2010. Seed deterioration in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under accelerated ageing. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 9: 158-162. (Journal)
Kar, M. and Mishra, D. 1976. Catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities during rice leaf senescence. Plant Physiology 578: 315-319. (Journal)
Kato, M. and Shimizu, S. 1987. Chlorophyll metabolism in higher plants. VII. Chlorophyll degradation in senescing tobacco leaves: phenolic-dependent peroxidative degradation. Canadian Journal of Botany, 65, 729–735. (Journal)
Kaur, S., Gupta, A.K. and Kaur, N. 2002. Effect of osmo-and hydropriming of chickpea seeds on seedling growth and carbohydrate metabolism under water deficit stress. Plant Growth Regulation, 37: 17- 22. (Journal)
Kaur-Sawhney, R., Tiburcio, A.F., Altabella, T. and Galston, A.W. 2003. Polyamines in plants: and overview. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Biology, 2: 1-12. (Journal)
Khan, H.A., Ziaf, K., Amjad, M. and Iqbal, Q. 2012. Exogenous application of polyamines improves germination and early seedling growth of hot pepper. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 72(3): 429-433. (Journal)
Kusano, T., Berberich, T., Tateda, C. and Takahashi, Y. 2008. Polyamines: essential factors for growth and survival. Planta, 228(3): 367-381. (Journal)
Lederer, B. and Boger, P. 2005. A ligand function of glutathione s-transferase. Plant Physiology, 171:63-87. (Journal)
Lee, S.S., Kim, J.H., Hong, S.B., Yun, S.H. and Park, E.H. 1998. Priming effect of rice seeds on seedling establishment under adverse soil conditions. Korean Journal of Crop Science, 43: 194-198. (Journal)
Livak, K.J. and Schmittgen, T.D. 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real time quantitative PCR and the 2-ΔΔCT method. Methods, 25: 402-408. (Journal)
Markovic-Housley, Z., Degano, M., Lamba, D., von Roepenack-Lahaye, E., Clemens, S., Susani, M., Ferreira, F., Scheiner, O. and Breiteneder, H. 2003. Crystal structure of a hypoallergenic isoform of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 and its likely biological function as a plant steroid carrier. Journal of Molecular Biology, 325:123–133. (Journal)
Mauromicale, G. and Cavallaro, V. 1995. Effects of seed osmopriming on germination of tomato at different water potential. Seed Science and Technology, 23(2): 393-403. (Journal)
McDonald, M.B. 1999. Seed deterioration: Physiology, repair and assessment. Seed Science and Technology, 27: 177-237. (Journal)
McGee, J.D., Hamer, J.E. and Hodges, T.K. 2001. Characterization of a PR-10 pathogenesis- related gene family induced in rice during infection with Magnaporthe grisea. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 14:877–886. (Journal)
Nakano, Y. and Asada, K. 1981. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiology, 22: 267–280. (Journal)
Nims, E., Dubois, C.P., Roberts, S.C. and Walker, E.L. 2006. Expression profiling of genes involved in paclitaxel biosynthesis for targeted metabolic engineering. Metabolic Engineering, 8: 385-394. (Journal)
Noohpishe, Z. and Kalantari, Kh.M. 2011. The interaction effects of spermidine application and salinity stress in pepper plants. International journal of Biology, 24(6): 848-857. (Journal)
O'Boyle, N.M., Knox, A.J., Price, T.T., Williams, D.C., Zisterer, D.M., Lloyd, D.G. and Meegan, M.J. 2011. Lead identification of β-lactam and related imine inhibitors of the molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry. 19(20): 6055–6068. (Journal)
Öztürk, L. and Demir, Y. 2003. Effects of putrescine and ethephon on some oxidative stress enzyme activities and proline content in salt stressed spinach leaves. Plant Growth Regulation, 40:89–95. (Journal)
Pagani, S., Colnaghi, R., Palagi, A. and Negri, A. 1995. Purification and characterization of an iron superoxide dismutase from the nitrogen-fixing Azotobacter vinelandii. FEBS Letter, 357(1):79-82. (Journal)
Paul, M.J. and Foyer, C.H. 2001. Sink regulation of photosynthesis. Journal of Experimental Botany, 52: 1383–1400. (Journal)
Prunotto, M., Compagnone, A., Bruschi, M., Candiano, G., Colombatto, S., Bandino, A., Petretto, A., Moll, S., Luce, M., Piallat, B., Gabbiani, G., Dimuccio, V., Parola, M., Citti, L. and Ghiggeri, G. 2010. Endocellular polyamine availability modulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and unfolded protein response in MDCK cells. Laboratory Investigation, 90: 929–939. (Journal)
Saeidnejad, A.H., Pouramir, F. and Naghizadeh, M. 2012. Improving chilling tolerance of maize seedlings under cold conditions by Spermine application. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 4(3): 110-117. (Journal)
Sairam, R.K., Rao, K.V. and Srivastava, G.C. 2002. Differential response of wheat genotypes to long term salinity stress in relation to oxidative stress, antioxidant activity and osmolytes concentration. Plant Science, 163:1037-1046. (Journal)
Sedghi, M., Seyed Sharifi, R., Pirzad, A., Amanpour-Balaneji, B. 2012. Phytohormonal regulation of antioxidant systems in petals of drought stressed Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 14(4): 869-878. (Journal)
Sharma, S.S. and Dietz, K.J. 2009. The relationship between metal toxicity and cellular redox imbalance. Trends in Plant Science, 14:43–50. (Journal)
Singh, B.G. and Rao G. 1993. Effect of chemicals soaking of sunflower seed on vigor index. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,63:232-233. (Journal)
Soltani, E., Kamkar, B., Galeshi, S. and Akram Ghaderi, F. 2008. The effect of seed deterioration on seed reserves depletion and heterotrophic seedling growth of wheat. Journal of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources. 15(1): 46-54. (Journal)
Sunkar, R. 2010. Plant Strss Tolerance (Methods and Protocols). Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 401p. (Book)
Tausz, M. 2003. The Role of Glutathione in plant response and adaptation to natural stress. Plant Ecophysiology, 45:102-122. (Journal)
Verma, S.S., Verma, U. and Tomer, R.P.S. 2003. Studies on seed quality parameters in deteriorating seeds in Brassica (Brassica campestris). Seed Science and Technology, 31: 389-396. (Journal)
Wahid, A., Gelani, S., Ashraf, M. and Foolad, M.R. 2007. Heat tolerance in plants: an overview. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 61 (3): 199-223. (Journal)
Yan-ping, Z., Hai-he, L., Shu-xing, S., Cheng-he, Z. and Xin-e, H. 2010. Effect of polyamine priming on seed vigor and seedling chilling tolerance in eggplant. Acta Horticultrae Sinica, 37(11): 1783–1788. (Journal)
Yari, L., Aghaalikani, M. and Khazaei, F. 2010. Effect of seed priming duration and temperature on seed germination behavior of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 5(1): 1-6. (Journal)
Yoruk, R. and Marshall, M.R. 2003. Physicochemical properties and function of plant polyphenol oxidase: a review. Journal of Food Biochemistry. 27: 361-422. (Journal)