اثر زوال مصنوعی و انبارداری طبیعی بر نشت کاتیونی و قابلیت حیات بذرهای نخود ایرانی (Cicer arietinum) رقم هاشم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم و تکنولوژی بذر، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، گرگان، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، گرگان، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه زیست شناسی، دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان، ایران

4 استادیار گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

این تحقیق به­منظور بررسی اثر زوال مصنوعی و انبارداری طبیعی بر خصوصیات جوانه‏زنی، نشت الکترولیت‏ها و همچنین بررسی قدرت و قابلیت حیات بذرهای نخود زراعی تحت این دو شرایط و مقایسه این دو نوع زوال مصنوعی و انبارداری طبیعی در دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان در سال 1394 اجرا شد. آزمایش به­صورت طرح کاملا تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل 8 سطح (انبارداری طبیعی 2، 4 سال، زوال مصنوعی 1، 2، 3، 4، 5 روز و شاهد) بودند. صفات مورد بررسی در این مطالعه درصد جوانه‏زنی، درصد گیاهچه عادی، سرعت جوانه‏زنی، شاخص قدرت بذر، هدایت الکتریکی، پراکسیداسیون لیپید و میزان سدیم و پتاسیم بذرها قبل و پس از آبنوشی و همچنین مقدار آن­ها در محلول آبشویی­شده بودند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده‏ها نشان داد اثر تیمار زوال بر همه خصوصیات جوانه‏زنی و نشت کاتیونی به جز میزان سدیم بذر قبل از آبشویی معنی‏دار بود. نتایج مقایسه میانگین داده‏ها نشان داد کاهش درصد و سرعت جوانه‏زنی، شاخص قدرت بذر و درصد گیاهچه عادی در شدت‏های زوال مصنوعی 4 و 5 روز بیش­تر از انبارداری طبیعی 2 و 4 سال بود. تولید مالون­دی‏آلدئید، هدایت الکتریکی و نشت سدیم و پتاسیم در آب نیز با افزایش شدت زوال مصنوعی تا 5 روز نسبت به انبارداری طبیعی افزایش بیش­تری یافت که به­دلیل عدم توانایی غشاها در حفظ انسجام خود بود. با افزایش شدت زوال میزان سدیم و پتاسیم باقیمانده در بافت بذری کاهش یافت. همچنین رنگ‏آمیزی بذور با تترازولیوم و نیتروبلوتترازولیوم نشان‏ داد که افزایش شدت زوال سبب کاهش قابلیت حیات بذرها شد و این کاهش قابلیت حیات در تیمارهای زوال مصنوعی شدید، بیش­تر از تیمارهای انبارداری طبیعی بود. پراکسیداسیون لیپید طی زوال منجر به خسارت به غشا و افزایش نشت الکترولیت‏ها می‏شود. در نتیجه قابلیت حیات بذرها کاهش یافته و منجر به کاهش درصد و سرعت جوانه‏زنی و کاهش درصد گیاهچه عادی تولیدی شد. این نتایج مشخص نمود که اثر انبارداری طبیعی و زوال مصنوعی بر خصوصیات جوانه‏زنی، نشت کاتیونی و قابلیت حیات بذرهای نخود مشابه بوده و می‏توان از آزمون زوال مصنوعی در جهت برنامه‏های نگهداری بذرهای نخود در انبار استفاده نمود هر چند ممکن است مکانیسم‏های دخیل در این دو نوع زوال با هم متفاوت باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of artificial aging and natural storage on cation leakage and viability of Iranian chickpea (Cicer arietinum) seeds cv. Hashem

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdi Shaban 1
  • Farshid Ghaderifar 2
  • HamidReza Sadeghipour 3
  • Ahad Yamchi 4
1 Ph.D student of Seed Science and Technology, Department of Agronomy, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Biology, University of Golestan, Gorgan, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study was laid out in order to evaluate the effects of artificial ageing and natural storage on seeds germination traits, cation leakage and viability of chickpea seeds under both artificial ageing and natural storage and comparison of them in Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources at 2014. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with four replications. Treatments were 8 ageing levels such as (2 years, 4 years natural storage, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 days of artificial ageing and control). In the present stude some traits such as germination percentage, normal seedling percentage, germination rate, seed vigor index, electrical conductivity, lipid peroxidation and seed Na and K before and after leaching and their amounts in soluble after leaching were studied. The results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of aging treatment was significant on all traits except seed Na before leaching. The results of the mean comparison showed that the reduction of germination percentage, germination rate, seed vigor index and normal seedling percentage in 4 and 5 artificial ageing days were higher than 2 and 4 natural storage years. MDA production, electrical conductivity, Na and K lekeage in increased by increasing of artificial ageing to 5 days that was more than 2 and 4 natural storage years due to non-ability of membrane to keeping their permeability. The increasing of aging levels result to increases of amount of K and Na in seeds tissues. Seed dying by tetrazolium ans nitro blue tetrazolium showed that increasing of seed aging result to reduction of seed viability that in severe artificial aging was higher than natural storage treatments. During seed aging Lipid peroxidation damaged to cell membrane and electrolyte lekeage was increased. Then, seed viability was decreased and results to decreasing of seed germination percentage and rate and normal seedling production. These results reviled that effect of artificial ageing and natural storage on germination, cation leakage and viability of chickpea seeds was same and can uses for chickpea storing programs, whereas their mechanisms may different.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chickpea
  • MDA
  • Membrane
  • Potassium
  • Tetrazolium
  • Sodium
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