تأثیر رطوبت زمان برداشت و دمای انبار بر بنیه بذر ارقام مختلف جو (Hordeum vulgare L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی تأثیر رطوبت زمان برداشت و دمای انبار بر بنیه بذر ارقام مختلف جو (Hordeum vulgare L.) بعد از یک سال انبارداری، پژوهش حاضر در قالب آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی انجام گرفت. عوامل مورد مطالعه عبارت بودند از: ارقام ( نصرت، ریحان، یوسف، صحرا و پروداکتیو)، رطوبت بذر در هنگام برداشت ( شامل 14، 16 و 18 درصد) و درجه حرات انبار (دمای ثابت 20 درجه سلسیوس و دمای متناوب 30- 20 درجه سلسیوس) به­صورت کنترل­شده، که بذرها بعد از برداشت به­مدت یک سال در انبار نگهداری شد. نتایج روند تغیرات بنیه بذر ارقام مختلف و توانایی آن­ها در جهت تولید گیاهچه­های عادی، درصد جوانه­زنی نهایی و رشد گیاهچه، در یک سال بعد از انبارداری بیانگر این است که حداکثر درصد جوانه­زنی نهایی و تولید گیاهچه­های عادی در ارقام مورد آزمایش مربوط به دمای متناوب 30-20 درجه سلسیوس بود و عکس­العمل ارقام با سطوح رطوبتی مختلف هنگام برداشت نیز متفاوت بود. حداکثر درصد جوانه­زنی نهایی با میانگین 99 درصد متعلق به رقم پروداکتیو، بذرهای برداشت­شده با رطوبت 18 درصد و ذخیره­شده در دمای متناوب 30-20 درجه سلسیوس بود. بیش­ترین درصد گیاهچه­های عادی نیز با میانگین 98 درصد در رقم­های ریحان و پروداکتیو برداشت­شده با رطوبت 18درصد و نگهداری شده در دمای متناوب 30-20 درجه­سلسیوس حاصل شد. در کلیه ارقام مورد آزمایش بذرهای انبارشده در دمای 20 درجه سلسیوس و به­ویژه آن­هایی که دیرتر و با رطوبت 14 درصد برداشت شده بودند، از درصد جوانه­زنی نهایی و تولید گیاهچه عادی کم­تر و هدایت الکتریکی بیش­تری برخوردار بودند. ذخیره­نمودن بذرها در دمای متناوب 30-20 درجه سلسیوس به­ویژه برای بذرهایی که قرار است به­مدت یک سال در انبار ذخیره شوند، به­عنوان یک دستاورد جدید و مهم در این پژوهش جهت کنترل فرسودگی بذر قابل توصیه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of seed moisture content at harvesting and storage temperature on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars seeds vigor

نویسندگان [English]

  • Leila Yari
  • Shahla Hashemi
  • Atefeh Khandan
Faculty member, Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study was conducted to investigate the role of storage condition on seed quality of five barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)  Cultivars (Usef, Nosrat, Riehan, sahra and productive), with different moisture contents (Mc)(14%, 16% and 18%) under storage condition. Seed exposed at two storage temperature (20C° and alternative temperature 20-30. (°  Experimental units were arranged factorialy in a completely randomized design with four replications. Results showed that after one year of seed storage, seeds that stored at 20-30 C°(alternative temperature) increased germination percentage and seedvigor in all cultivars. Meanwhile, germination percentage and seedling vigor were significantly affected by interaction among seed moisture content × cultivar× temperature after one year of seed storage. The highest germination percentage (99 %) was recorded for sahra cultivar in seed by 18% moisture content under storage at 20-30C°. Also, the maximum normal seedling were obtained from Riehan × Mc 18% × at 20-30 C°(alternative temperature) and productive× Mc 18% × 20-30C. Likewise, the minimum germination percentage (4.5%) and normal seedling (3.7%) was recorded for productive cultivar when seed harvested with Mc 14%  and stored under 20 C°condition. Also, the results indicated that 20 C°storage temperature had adverse effect on seed quality when seed harvested with Mc 14% after one year storage, inall cultivars. Meanwhile, the electrical conductivity (EC) increased in seed by Mc 14% with compared to Mc18% and Mc 16%. Generally, according to cultivars that examined in this experiment, the effectiveness of storage temperature on improving seedling vigor and increasing germination percentage was more pronounced at 20-30 C°(alternative temperature) along with sample with 18.0% Mc. Finally seed stored at 20-30 C°(alternative temperature) could have maintained their vigour high, it is new founding that could  help to control of seed deterioration.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Barley cultivars
  • Seed moisture
  • Seed vigour
  • Storage duration
  • Storage temperature

مراجع

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علوم و تحقیقات بذر ایران
دوره 6، شماره 3
مهر 1398
صفحه 333-345

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