پیش‌بینی توزیع عمودی بذر گندم (رقم سرداری) در خاک با استفاده از مدل SeedChaser

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، بوکان، ایران

چکیده

توزیع عمودی بذر، بقایای گیاهی، کودهای گرانوله و سایر ترکیبات شیمیائی در عمق خاک در اثر شخم با ادوات مختلف یکی از مباحث مهم در زراعت به­شمار می­آید. به این منظور از مدل SeedChaser برای شناسائی الگوی توزیع عمودی بذر گندم در عمق 18- 0سانتی­متری خاک، با استفاده از 15 تیپ دستگاه خاک­ورزی در مطالعه شبیه­سازی و 9 تیپ از این ادوات در آزمایش مزرعه­ای بهره گرفته شد. نتایج مدل برای 15 نوع ادوات شخم نشان داد که گاوآهن­های بیلچه­ای، خاک­ورز مرکب، برگردان­دار و تیلر دوار، بذور را تا عمق­های زیر 10 سانتی­متری دفن کردند در حالی­که حداکثر عمق دفن بذور با انجام شخم در ادوات کولتیواتور، خطی­کار، کشت مستقیم در بقایا، زیرشکن و شخم نواری تا 2 سانتی­متری خاک زراعی بود. در سایر ادوات (سوپرچیزل، سیکلوتیلر، دیسک، ردیف­کار و چیزل) نیز بیش­تر حجم پخشیدگی بذور در عمق متوسط بین 8-2 سانتی­متری خاک قرار داشت. نتایج همچنین نشان داد عمق بحرانی برای توزیع 90 درصد بذور در گاوآهن برگردان­دار، تیلر دوار و گاوآهن بیلچه­ای در عمق­های 14-18 سانتی­متری بود و برای سایر ادوات این عمق بحرانی بالای 10 سانتی­متری خاک بود. نتایج شبیه­سازی نیز نشان داد که مدل به­خوبی قادر به شبیه­سازی توزیع عمودی بذر در خاک است که در آن بیش­ترین مقادیر پراکندگی مربوط به چیزل و بالاترین دقت در نتایج حاصل از شخم با گاوآهن برگردان­دار بود. بنابراین استفاده از نتایج این مدل می­تواند در مطالعات بذر قابل توصیه باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Prediction of Seed Vertical distribution of Wheat (cv.Sardari) in Soil use of SeedChaser model

نویسنده [English]

  • Nabi Khalili Aqdam
Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Bookan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Vertical distribution of seed, Plant residual, Granule fertilizers and other chemical complexes in depth of soil influence of tillage with various implements is one of the important issues in agronomy. So, an experiment done with SeedChaser model to recognize the patterns of seed vertical distribution in soil (0-18 cm) with 15 types of tillage implements in simulation study and 9 of ones in field experiment. Results showed that patterns of seed vertical distribution were different and it depends on infiltration depth of implements in soil, curve degree of knife and soil bulk of be moved. Spader, Rigide tine, moldboard, and rotovator buried seeds in below 10 cm depth of soil, although Rotary hoe, Drill, Residual management, Para plow and Strip tillage implements buried seeds in shallow depths (0-2 cm) and was between 2-8 cm in others. Also, results released that critical depth for D90 (90% of seeds in a certain depth) ranged 14-18 cm for Moldboard, Rotovator and Spader while was 0-10 cm for other implements. Prediction results recognized that the model predicted seed vertical distribution in a good mood which the highest dispersal related to chisel plow and the lowest observed in tillage with Moldboard.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Depth
  • Implement
  • Seed
  • SeedChaser Model
  • Tillage
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