تأثیر پیش تیمار بذر سویا با باکتری‌های ریزوبیومی و محرک رشدی بر گره زایی و بهینه‌سازی مصرف کود نیتروژن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد آستارا، آستارا، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر پیش تیمار بذر سویا با باکتری‌های ریزوبیومی و محرک‌ رشدی بر گره‌بندی و بهینه‌سازی مصرف کود نیتروژن، آزمایشی در سال 1390 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اردبیل به‌صورت کرت های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل مقادیر مختلف کود نیتروژن (صفر، 25، 50 و 75 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به‌صورت اوره در کرت‌های اصلی و پیش تیمار بذر با باکتری ریزوبیوم جاپونیکوم و باکتری‌های محرک رشد ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم استرین 5، ازوسپریلیوم لیپوفروم استرین OF و عدم تلقیح بذر (شاهد) با باکتری‌ها در کرت‌های فرعی بودند. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد که با افزایش میزان کود مصرفی، کارآیی مصرف کود کاهش یافت. بیشترین تعداد (16) و وزن خشک گره‌ها (16 میلی‌گرم) در تلقیح بذر با ریزوبیوم جاپونیکوم مربوط به تیمار 50 کیلوگرم کود اوره در هکتار و کمترین آن‌ها در حالت عدم تلقیح و عدم مصرف کود برآورد گردید. همچنین، بیشترین ارتفاع گیاه (22/117 سانتی‌متر)، تعداد نیام در بوته (76/54)، وزن صد دانه (26/28 گرم) و عملکرد دانه در واحد سطح (267 گرم در مترمربع)  مربوط به در تیمار 75 کیلوگرم در هکتار اوره به همراه تلقیح بذر با ریزوبیوم جاپونیکوم بود. در سطح کودی ۷۵ کیلوگرم در هکتار اوره، تلقیح با باکتری‌های محرک رشد  ازوسپریلیوم،  ازتوباکتر و باکتری ریزوبیوم باعث افزایش عملکرد (به ترتیب 4/14، 4/21 و 6/40 درصد) نسبت به عدم تلقیح بذر شد. بر اساس این نتایج، می‌توان کاربرد 75 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار به همراه تلقیح بذر با ریزوبیوم را برای سودمندی تولید سویا در منطقه مورد مطالعه پیشنهاد نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The influence of seed pre-treatment with Rhizobium and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on nodulation and nitrogen fertilizer optimization in soybean (Glycine max L.)

نویسنده [English]

  • Reza Taghizadeh
Department of Agriculture and plant breeding, Astara branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In order to study the influence of soybean (Glycine max L.) seed pre-treatment with Rhizobium japanicum and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on nodulation and nitrogen fertilizer optimization, a spilt plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2011 at the research farm of the Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch. Factors were: nitrogen fertilizer rates at four levels (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg urea/ha) in the main plot and soybean seed pre-treatment with Rhizobium and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in four levels containing of without seed inoculation as control, inoculation seed with Rhizobium japanicum, Azotobacter chroococcum strain5, Azosprilium lipoferum strain OF. The results showed that with increasing the amount of fertilizer, fertilizer use efficiency was reduced. Maximum number (16) and dry weight (16 mg) of nodules was obtained in seed inoculation with Rhizobium japanicum along with application of 50 kg urea/ha and minimum of these traits were observed in without of urea fertilizer application and seed inoculation. So, the highest plant height (117.22 cm), number of pod per plant (54.72), grain hundred weight (28.26 g) and grain yield per area (267 g/m2) was obtained in Rhizobium japanicum whit application of 75 kg urea/ha. At the level of 75 kg urea/ha fertilizer, inoculation with Azosprilium, Azotobacter and Rhizobium bacteria increased seed yield (14.4, 21.4 and 40.6 percent, respectively) compared to non-inoculation. Based on the results, it was concluded that application of 75 kg urea/ha in seed inoculation with Rhizobium can be recommended for profitable soybean production in the study area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nitrogen
  • Nodulation
  • Promoting bacteria
  • Rhizobium
  • Seed inoculation
  • Soybean
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