ارزیابی پیش تیمارهای شیمیایی و فیزیکی بر ویژگی‌های جوانه‌زنی بذر علف هرز میاگروم (Myagrum perfoliatum L)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

2 دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه

چکیده

به منظور شناخت اثرات پیش تیمار­های شیمیایی و مکانیکی بر برخی از مهمترین ویژگی­های جوانه­زنی بذر علف­هرز میاگروم آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با چهار تکرار در دانشـگاه رازی کرمانشاه اجرا گردید. تیمار­های آزمایش شامل آب مقطر (شاهد)، اسید سولفوریک غلیظ (98 درصد در مدت زمان دو، سه و چهار دقیقه)، نیترات پتاسیم (3 درصد در مدت زمان سه، چهار و هفت روز)، پراکسید هیدروژن (30 درصد در مدت زمان دو، سه و چهار دقیقه) و خراش­دهی با سمباده و سرمادهی مرطوب (به مدت یک، دو و سه هفته) بود. درصد جوانه­زنی، سرعت جوانه­زنی، طول و وزن خشک ساقه­چه،طول و وزن خشک ریشه­چه، وزن خشک کل گیاهچه و شاخص بنیه بذر علف هرز میاگروم مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین درصد جوانه زنی به تیمارهای کاربرد پراکسید هیدرژن سه دقیقه (91 درصد) و خراش­دهی مکانیکی همراه با سرما­دهی به مدت سه هفته (84 درصد) و کمترین درصد جوانه­زنی به تیمار­های کاربرد اسید سولفوریک مربوط بود. نتایج بررسی مقایسات گروهی تیمارها نیز نشان داد کاربرد پراکسید هیدروژن بیشترین تاثیر را بر درصد جوانه­زنی بذر میاگروم داشت. بیشترین سرعت جوانه­زنی (5/4) و وزن خشک ساقه­چه (6/1 گرم) در تیمار پراکسید هیدورژن در مدت زمان سه دقیقه مشاهده گردید. همچنین بیشترین طول ساقه­چه (7/22 میلی­متر)، طول ریشه­چه (6/36 میلی­متر)، وزن خشک ریشه­چه (1/1 گرم)، وزن خشک گیاهچه (5/2 گرم) و بنیه بذر (9/49) در بذر­های خراش­دهی شده به همراه سرما­دهی به مدت سه هفته حاصل شد. استفاده از اسید سولفوریک در مدت زمان­های متفاوت نیز به­دلیل تخریب شدید جنین منجر به از بین رفتن بذر میاگروم شد. به نظر می­رسد عدم جوانی­زنی مناسب بذر علف هرز میاگروم می­تواند به دلیل عوامل فیزولوژیکی جنین باشد، زیرا تیمار­های مورد ارزیابی تاثیر زیادی بر فرایندهای متابولیکی و هورمونی بذر داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the chemical and physical treatments on seed germination characteristics of Myagrum (Myagrum perfoliatum L)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farzad Mondani 1
  • Ashkan Jalilian 2
  • Atusa Olfati 2
1 Assistant Professor in Crop Ecology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Engineering Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
2 Razi University, Kermanshah
چکیده [English]

In order to recognize effects of chemical and mechanical treatments on some of the most important features of seed germination of Myagrum, an experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with four replications at Razi University. The experiment treatments were distilled water (control), sulfuric acid (98% for 2, 3 and 4 minutes), potassium nitrate (3%for 3, 4 and 7 days), hydrogen peroxide (30% for 2, 3 and 4 minutes) and scarification with sandpaper and prechilling (for 1, 2 and 3 weeks). Germination percent, germination rate, length and dry weight of epicotyl, length and dry weight of radicle, seedling total dry weight and vigor index were evaluated for Myagrum seed. Results showed that the most germination percent was related to hydrogen peroxide treatment for3 minutes (91 %) and scarification with a chilling for 3 weeks (84 %) and the lowest germination percent was observed in sulfuric acid treatment. The results of treatment group comparisons also showed that using hydrogen peroxide had the greatest impact on seed germination of Myagrum. The most germination rate (4.5) and epicotyl dry weight (1.6 g) was observed in hydrogen peroxide for 3 minutes. The most epicotyl length (22.7 mm), radicle length (36.6 mm), radicle dry weight (1.1 g), seedling dry weight (2.5 gr) and vigor index (49.9) were related to seed scarification along with chilling for 3 weeks. Our results also indicted that application of sulfuric acid due to extreme damage onembryo leaded to death of Myagrum seed. It seems that lack of appropriate germination in Myagrum seed could be due to embryo physiological factors because all evaluated treatments had more impact on seed metabolic and harmonic processes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Germination rate
  • hydrogen peroxide
  • potassium nitrate
  • seed priming
  • seed vigor
  • sulfuric acid
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