اثرتنش خشکی در دوره گل‌دهی و رسیدگی گیاه مادری بر برخی خصوصیات مرتبط با جوانه‌زنی و بنیه بذر و گیاهچه ارقام مختلف کلزای پائیزه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد زراعت دانشگاه آزاد واحد پیشوای ورامین

2 استاد پژوهش موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر

3 موسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال

4 دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی واحد پیشوای ورامین

چکیده

    به­منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکیدر دوره گل دهی و رسیدگیروی گیاه مادری بر برخی خصوصیات مرتبط با جوانه­زنیو بنیه بذر10 رقم کلزای پائیزه، آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل برپایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با4 تکرار، در سال1392در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر و آزمایشگاه تجزیه کیفی بذر مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال کرج اجرا شد.تیمارهای آزمایش بذرهای تولید شده در شرایط آبیاری معمول (S1) و اعمال تنش خشکی با عدم آبیاری در مرحله گل­دهی و رسیدگی (S2)10 رقم کلزای پائیزه بودند. وزن هزار دانه، چگالی و هدایت­الکتریکی (EC) بذرها اندازه­گیری شده و با آزمون جوانه­زنی استاندارد درصد جوانه­زنی نهایی، متوسط زمان جوانه­زنی، طول و وزن خشک گیاهچه تعیین شدند. نتایج نشان داد که متوسط زمان جوانه­زنی و طول گیاهچه تحت تأثیر تیمارهای مورد بررسی قرار نگرفتند و نیز درصد جوانه­زنی نهایی ارقام مورد بررسی تفاوت معنی­دار نداشت.بالاترین وزن هزار بذرمربوط به بذرهای رقم زرفام تولید شده با تیمارآبیاری معمول بود و بذرهای ارقام اورینت و SLM046تولید شده با تیمارآبیاری معمول بالاترین چگالی را دارا بودند. بذرهای رقم زرفام تولید شده با تیمار تنش خشکی دارای بیشترین و بذرهای ارقام مودنا و میلنا تولید شده با تیمار آبیاری معمول دارای کمترین EC بودند. بذرهای تولید شده با تیمار آبیاری معمول بیشترین درصد جوانه­زنی نهایی بذر را داشتند. بالاترین وزن خشک گیاهچه در شرایط آبیاری معمول متعلق به بذرهای رقم جرونیمو و در شرایط تنش خشکی مربوط به رقم اوکاپی بود. به­طورکلی نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که تنش خشکی در دوره گل­دهی و رسیدگی بذر روی گیاه مادری سبب کاهش کیفیت بذر ارقام بررسی شده گردید ولی تحت چنین شرایطی ارقام جرونیمو، زرفام، دکستر و لیکورد از وزن هزار بذر بالاتر، ارقام اورینت، مودنا و دکستر از چگالی بذر بیشتر، ارقام ملینا و مودنا از EC پائین­تر و ارقام اوکاپی و مودنا از وزن خشک گیاهچه بالاتری در مقایسه با دیگر ارقام مورد بررسی برخوردار بودند. بنابراین در چنین شرایطی بذر دارای کیفیت نسبتاً مطلوب جوانه زنی و خصوصیات بنیه گیاهچه این ارقام را می­توان تولید کرد

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of drought stress during flowering and seed maturity of mother plant on some related to seed germination and seedling vigor traits of various oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) winter cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Hossein Mehdizadeh 1
  • Amir Hosein Shirani rad 2
  • Aidin Hamidi 3
  • Farshad Ghooshchi 4
1 Agronomy Msc graduate of Pishva Varamin Islamic Azad University
3 Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute(SPCRI)
4 Islamic Azad University, Varamin(Pishva), Agriculture College
چکیده [English]

In order to study drought stress during flowering and seed maturity and normal irrigation effect on mother plant on some seed germination and seedling vigor related traits of 10 oilseed rape winter cultivars, an experiment was conducted as factorial, based on completely randomize design by four replications, during 2013 in experimental field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII) and seed quality analysis laboratory of Seed and Plant Certification Research Institution(SPCRI) at Karaj. Experiment treatments were seeds produced under normal irrigation(S1) and drought stress exertion by non irrigation at flowering and maturity stage(S2) of 10 oilseed rape winter cultivars. One thousand weight, density and electrical conductivity of seeds measured and by standard germination test conduction, final germination percent, mean germination time, seedling length and dry weight were determined. Results indicated that mean germination time and seedling length were not affected by studied treatments and also final germination percent of studied cultivars had not significant difference. Highest thousand seed weight was related to Zarfam cultivar which seeds produced by normal irrigation treatment and Orient and SLM046 cultivars had highest seed density produced by normal irrigation treatment. Zarfam cultivar seeds produced by drought stress treatment had highest and Milena and Modena cultivars seeds produced by normal irrigation treatment had lowest electrical conductivity. Seeds produced by normal irrigation treatment had highest final germination percent. Highest seedling dry weight in normal irrigation condition belong to Geronimo and under drought stress condition related to Okapi cultivar. Generally, this experiment results showed that drought stress at flowering and maturity duration caused studied genotypes seed quality decrease, but under that conditions, Geronimo, Zarfam, Dexter and Licord cultivars had higher seed thousand weight, Orient, Modena and Dexter cultivars more seed density, Milena and Modena cultivars lower electrical conductivity and, Okapi and Modena cultivars higher seedling dry weight in comparison with other studied cultivars. Therefore can produce those cultivars having relatively optimum germination quality and seedling vigor traits seed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Oilseed rape
  • Seed germination
  • Drought stress
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