ارزیابی شاخص‌های مختلف مرتبط با رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک، زمان برداشت و تعیین حداکثر کیفیت بذر هیبرید ذرت (Zea mays L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 عضو هیات علمی موسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال

4 استادیار، گزوه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات،پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران: پاکدشت، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی شاخص­های ارزیابی کیفیت فیزیولوژیک بذر هیبرید ذرت در مراحل نمو و رسیدگی و تعیین زمان مناسب برداشت، پژوهشی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سال 92 در سه تکرار و پنج تاریخ کاشت (دوم اردبهشت، 16 اردیبهشت، 31 اردیبهشت، 22 خرداد و هشت تیر) در کرج اجرا و صفات مربوط به فنولوژی و مورفولوژی گیاه و بذر در طول دوره رشد یادداشت­برداری گردید. پس از تلقیح توسط والد پدری (اینبرد لاین Mo17)، هر هفته نمونه­برداری از بلال پایه­های مادری (اینبرد لاینB73) انجام شد. بذرها در هوای آزاد خشک و تحت آزمون­های آزمایشگاهی قرار گرفتند. از نظر کیفیت نهایی بذر اختلاف بین تاریخ کشت­ها معنی­دار و تاریخ کشت چهارم (22 خرداد) بالاترین کیفیت را داشت. بسته به تاریخ کاشت، سرعت و دوره پر شدن بذر و سرعت خروج رطوبت از بذر، که از عوامل تعیین کننده کیفیت بذر است، در تاریخ­های مختلف کشت بطور معنی­داری متفاوت بود. رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک یا حداکثر درصد گیاهچه­های عادی، در 68-47 روز پس از گلدهی، با رطوبت 54-40 درصد و رسیدگی وزنی بعد از 86-47 روز، در رطوبت 43-40 درصد حاصل شد. اما لایه سیاه در رطوبت 35-32 درصد تشکیل شد. بنابراین ابتدا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک، سپس رسیدگی وزنی و بعد رسیدگی لایه سیاه رخ داد. هر چه تاریخ کاشت به تاخیر افتاد رسیدگی وزنی و فیزیولوژیک در رطوبت بالاتری حاصل و امکان برداشت بلال بذر بسته به تاریخ کاشت و به شرط خشک کردن آرام و مناسب در رطوبت­های بالاتر (50-40 درصد) وجود داشت. رطوبت بذر نسبت به روز و درجه­روز رشد، شاخص مناسب­تری از ردیابی روند تغییرات نمو، رسیدگی وزنی و فیزیولوژیکی بذر فراهم نمود

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of various indicators related to physiological maturity, harvest time and highest seed quality determination in hybrid maize ( Zea mays L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Enayat Rezvani-Khorshidi 1
  • Farshid Ghaderifar 2
  • Aidin Hamidi 3
  • Elyas Soltani 4
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

     In order to study the seed quality indicators of hybrid maize seed at development and maturity stages and planning harvest time, an experiment was conducted in a complete randomized design, with three replications and five sowing dates (T1 = 22 April, T2 = 6 May, T3 = 21 May, T4 = 12 June and T5 = 29 June) in Karaj, Iran. Phenology and morphology related traits were evaluated during plant and seed growth.  After pollination, Sampling from ears was done in weekly scale from female rows (B73 Inbred line). The harvested seeds were dried in open air condition, and then laboratory tests were done. Depends on the sowing date and temperature, seed filling rate (SFR) and periods (SFD) were significantly different. Physiological maturity or maximum normal seeding occurred around 47-68 days after flowering (DAF), when the seed moisture varied in a range of 40-54 % and mass maturity (maximum seed weight) occurred at 47-86 DAF, when the seed moisture ranges about 40-43%. But black layer in seed formed when the seed moisture was about 32-35%. So, maximum seed quality occurred earlier to mass maturity. While the black layer formation happened as the final stage of development. The more the delay in sowing dates, the higher the seed moisture for occurring mass and physiological maturity. Depends on the sowing date and appropriate drying, harvesting the seed at higher level of moisture was possible. It is more likely that seed moisture prepare a more suitable indicator for detecting the changes trend in mass and physiological maturity, in compared with DAF and GDD.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Black Layer
  • Development
  • Germination
  • maize
  • Mass Maturity
  • Physiological Maturity

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علوم و تحقیقات بذر ایران
دوره 4، شماره 2
شهریور 1396
صفحه 83-95

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