مقایسه جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاهچه علف‌های هرز‌ درمنه یک‌ساله (Artemisia annua) ، دوساله (A. biensis willd) و چندساله (A. vulgaris L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران

2 دانش‌آموخته رشته شناسایی و مبارزه با علف‌های هرز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی اثرات دما و نور بر جوانه­زنی بذر سه گونه درمنه، آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی- واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران در سال 1392 انجام شد. فاکتور­های مورد بررسی شامل سه گونه درمنه (یک­ساله، دوساله و چندساله)، دما در نه سطح (5، 10، 15، 20، 25، 30، 35، 40 و 45 درجه سانتی­گراد) و نور در سه سطح (تاریکی، 14 ساعت نور/10 ساعت تاریکی و نور مداوم) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که حداکثر جوانه­زنی و رشد گیاهچه درمنه چندساله در دمای 30 درجه سانتی­گراد حاصل شد، درحالی­که دو گونه دیگر در دمای 25 درجه سانتی­گراد حداکثر جوانه­زنی و رشد گیاهچه را داشتند. درصد جوانه­زنی، طول ریشه­چه، طول ساقه­چه و وزن تر گیاهچه درمنه چندساله نسبت به دو گونه دیگر در کلیه سطوح دمایی کم­تر بود که می­تواند به­دلیل سرمایه­گذاری کم­تر گونه­های چندساله خزنده روی بذر باشد. در بین صفات مورد بررسی تنها درصد جوانه­زنی به اثر متقابل گونه × نور واکنش معنی­داری نشان داد. همچنین بالاترین درصد جوانه­زنی (75/66) در دمای 25 درجه سانتی­گراد و نور مداوم مشاهده شد که تفاوت معنی­داری با سایر تیمارها داشت. آگاهی از این­که چه چیزی زمان جوانه­زنی بذر را کنترل می­کند، می­تواند منجر به بهبود کنترل مؤثر علف­های هرز شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of seed germination and seedling growth of annual (Artemisia annua), biennial (A. biensis willd) and perennial Artemisia (A. vulgaris L. ) species

نویسندگان [English]

  • Marjan Diyanat 1
  • Seyed Meisam Hoseini 2
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate effects of temperature and light on germination of three Artemisia species, a factorial experiment with four replications was conducted in laboratory of Science and Research Branch-Islamic Azad University in 2013. Factors were three species of Artemisia (annual, biennial and perennial), temperature at nine levels (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45°C) and light regime at three levels (dark, 14 light/10 dark and light). Results showed that maximum germination and seedling growth of perennial Artemisia was at 30 °C while it was 25 °C for two other species. Less the amount of studied characteristics such as germination percentage, radicle length, plumule length and seedling fresh in perennial Artemisia, possibly due to less investment of perennial weeds in seed production. Among investigated traits, germination percentage significantly influenced by species × light interaction. Highest percentage of germination (66.75) was seen at 25 °C and continuous light. This treatment is significantly different from other treatments. Knowledge about seed germination controlling factors will have an important role in weeds control.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Light
  • Seedling growth
  • Temperature
An, M., Pratley, J.E. and Haig, T. 1997. Phytotoxicity of Vulpia Residues: I. Investigation of Aqueous Extracts. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 23: 1979–1994. (Journal)
Anonymous, 2001. Perennial Weed Biology and Management. Retrieved from https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/em8776. (Website)
Asghari, A., Talebloo, A. and Marzban-haghighi, H. 1999. Classification of Artemisiaspecies to salinity. Proceedings of the 5th Iranian Congrees in Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Karaj, Iran. (In Persian)(Conference)
Atchison, B. 2001. Relationships between Foxtail (Setaria spp.) primary dormancy at abscission and subsequent seedling emergence. MSc. Thesis. Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
Barney, J.N. and DiTommaso, A. 2003. The biology of canadian weeds. 118. Artemisia vulgaris L. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 83: 205–215. (Journal)
Baskin, C.C. and Baskin, J.M. 1998. Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination. Academic Press, London, 378p. (Book)
Bing, A. 1983. Problems in mugwort control in lawns. Proceedings of the 37th Northeast Weed Science Society, 376. (Conference)
De Cauwer, B., Devos, R., Claerhout, S., Bulcke, R. and Reheul, D. 2014. Seed dormancy, germination, emergence and seed longevity in Galinsoga parviflora and G. quadriradiata. Weed Research, 54: 38–47. (Journal)
Ellis, R.H., Covell, S., Roberts, E.H. and Summerfield, R.J. 1986. The influence of temperature on seed germination rate in grain legumes II. Intraspecific variation in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) at constant temperatures. Journal of Experimental Botany, 37: 1503-1515. (Journal)
Forsyth, C. and Van Staden, J. 1983. Germination of Tagetes minuta L. I. Temperature effects. Annals Botany, 52: 659–666. (Journal)
George, O., Kegode, G.N. and Christoffers, M.J. 2010. Germination Ecology of Biennial Wormwood (Artemisia biennis) and Lanceleaf Sage (Salvia reflexa) Seeds. Weed Science, 58: 61-66. (Journal)
Henderson, J.C. and Weller, S.C. 1985. Biology and control of Artemisia vulgaris. Proceedings of the North. Central Weed Control Conference, 40: 100–101. (Conference)
Holm, L., Doll, J., Holm, E., Pancho, J. and Herberger, J. 1997. World Weeds: Natural Histories and Distribution. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY. (Book)
Inderjit, S. and Foy, C. 1999. Nature of the interference mechanism of mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris). Weed Technology, 13: 176–182. (Journal)
Karimmojeny, H., Rezvani, M., Zaefarian, F. and Nikneshan, P. 2014. Environmental and maternal factors affecting on oriental mustard (Sisymbrium orientale L.) and musk weed (Myagrum perfoliatum L.) seed germination. Brazilian Journal of Botany, 37: 121–127. (Journal)
Kegode, G.O. and Christoffers. M.J. 2003. Intriguing world of weeds: biennial wormwood (Artemisia biennis Willd.). Weed Technology, 17: 646–649. (Journal)
Klingeman, W.E., Robinson, D.K. and McDaniel, G.L. 2004. Regeneration of mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) from rhizome sections in sand, pine bark, and soil substrates. Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 22: 139–143. (Journal)
Kumar, B. 2012. Prediction of germination potential in seeds of Indian Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Crop Improvement, 26: 532–539. (Journal)
Lauer, E. 1953. Uber die Keimtemperatur von Ackerunkautern und deren Einfluss auf die Zusammensetzung von Unkrautgesellschaften. Flora Oder Allgemeine Botanische Zeitung, 140: 551-595. (Journal)
Mahoney, K.J. 2001. Biology of Biennial Wormwood (Artemisia biennis Willd.). M.Sc. thesis. North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND. 63 p.
Manthey, D.R. and Nalawaja, J.D. 1987. Germination of two foxtail (Setaria) species. Weed Technology, 1: 302–304. (Journal)
Mijani, S., Eskandari Nasrabadi, S., Zarghani, H. and Ghias Abadi, M. 2013. Seed germination and early growth responses of Hyssop, Sweet Basil and Oregano to temperature levels. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 5: 462-467. (Journal)
Mozafarian, V. 2000. Yazd flora. Yazd University Publications, Iran, 636p. (In Persian)(Book)
Nelson, E.A. 2001. Interference of biennial wormwood (Artemisia biennis Willd.) with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. M.S. thesis. North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND. 53 p.
 
Norris, R.F. and Schoner, C.A. 1980. Yellow foxtail (Setaria lutescens) biotype studies: dormancy and germination. Weed Science, 28: 159–163.
Önen, H. 2006. The influence of temperature and light on seed germination of mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.).  Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 2: 393-399. (Journal)
Özer, Z. 1996. Untersuchungen zur Keimtemperature von Unkrautsamen aus unterschiedlichen Gebieten der Türkei. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, Sonderheft XV, 61-64. (Journal)
Podlech, D. 1977. Compositae VI Anthemideae. In: Rechinger, K.H. (Ed.), Flora Iranica. Graz- Austria.
Pawlowski, F., Kapeluszny, T., Kolasa, A. and Lecyk, Z. 1968. Fertility of some species of ruderal weeds. Ann. Univ. Mariae Curie-Slodowska (Poland). Second Edition Agriculture, 22: 221–223.
Rogerson, A.B. 1964. Translocation patterns of selected herbicides and influence of fenac on some physiological and histological changes in mugwort. Ph.D. Thesis Dissertation. Virginia Polytechnical Institute, Blacksburg, VA. 78 pp.
Shoab, M., Tanveer, A., Khaliq, A. and Haider, A.H. 2012. Effect of seed size and ecological factors on germination of Emex spinosa. World Applied Science Journal, 17: 964–969. (Journal)
Tabrizi, L., Nassiri-Mahallati, M. and Kochaki, A.R. 2004. Evaluation of minimum, optimum and maximum temperature for germination of Fleawort and Pesilum. Journal of Agricultural Researches, 2: 143-150.  (In Persion)(Journal)
Verma, S.K., Kumar, B., Ram, G., Singh, H.P. and Lal, R.K. 2010. Varietal effect on germination parameter at controlled and uncontrolled temperature in Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii). Indian Crops Production, 32: 696–699. (Journal)
Li, X.H., Alamusa, D.J., Zhou, Q.L. and Oshida, T. 2012. Comparison of seed germination of four Artemisia species (Asteraceae) in northeastern Inner Mongolia. China Journal of Arid Land, 4: 36−42. (Journal)
Zollinger, R.K., Ries, J.L. and Hammond, J.J. 2003. Survey of weeds in North Dakota. 2000. North Dakota State University Agricultural Experiment Station Research Report. pp 83.