مطالعه میزان انتقال مجدد ماده خشک و فتوسنتز جاری در اندازه‌های متفاوت بذر چهار رقم گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) در اقلیم رشت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم و تکنولوژی بذر دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان

2 اعضای هیأت علمی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان

3 دانشجوی دکترای زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی اثر اندازه بذر بر روند تولید و تجمع ماده خشک و انتقال مجدد مواد فتوسنتزی به دانه در چهار رقم گندم نان، آزمایشی در پاییز سال زراعی 92-1391 در مزرعه پژوهشی موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور انجام شد. این آزمایش به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمار­های مورد بررسی در این تحقیق شامل اندازه قطر بذر در چهار سطح (25/2 تا 50/2 میلی­متر،50/2 تا 75/2 میلی­متر، 75/2 تا سه میلی­متر و بزرگ­تر از سه میلی­متر) و رقم (کوهدشت، مغان3، مروارید و ژنوتیپ بومی) بودند. نتایج نشان داد رقم تأثیر معنی­داری بر میزان فتوسنتز جاری، سرعت تشکیل عملکرد و عملکرد دانه داشت. اندازه بذر تأثیر معنی­داری بر میزان انتقال مجدد ماده خشک، کارایی انتقال مجدد، سهم انتقال مجدد، سهم فتوسنتز جاری، سرعت تشکیل عملکرد دانه، سرعت تشکیل عملکرد زیستی، عملکرد زیستی و عملکرد دانه داشت. بذر­های با اندازه بزرگ­تر از سه میلی­متر بیش­ترین میزان انتقال مجدد ماده خشک (17/345 گرم در متر مربع)، کارایی انتقال مجدد (28/32 درصد) و سهم انتقال مجدد (53/68 درصد) را به خود اختصاص دادند، در حالی­که بذر­های با اندازه 25/2 تا 5/2 میلی­متر بیش­ترین میزان سهم فتوسنتز جاری (5/55 درصد) را داشتند. رقم مروارید و بذر­های با اندازه 25/2 تا 5/2 میلی­متر کم­ترین مقدار سرعت تشکیل عملکرد زیستی (41/60 کیلو­گرم در هکتار در روز)، عملکرد زیستی (10542 کیلو­گرم در هکتار)، سرعت تشکیل دانه (77/17 کیلو­گرم در هکتار در روز) و عملکرد دانه (3/3101 کیلو­گرم در هکتار) را به خود اختصاص دادند. اثر متقابل تیمار­های آزمایشی در هیچ یک از صفات معنی­دار نبود. بنابراین، ژنوتیپ بومی و اندازه بذر 75/2 تا سه میلی­متر، به­علت توزیع بهتر مواد فتوسنتزی، از نظر صفات مهم عملکردی مناسب­تر بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study the amount of dry matter remobilization and current photosynthesis in different seed sizes of four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in Rasht

نویسندگان [English]

  • Matin Forouzi 1
  • Seyed MohammadReza Ehteshami 2
  • Masoud Esfahani 2
  • Mohammad Rabiei 3
چکیده [English]

In order to study the effect of seed size on the production and dry matter accumulation and remobilization of assimilates to the grain of four bread wheat cultivars, an experiment was carried out in 2012-2013 in research farm of Rice Research Institute. A factorial experiment arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Treatments in this study consist of four levels of seed diameter size (2.25- 2.5 mm, 2.5- 2.75 mm, 2.75- 3 mm and larger than 3 mm) and cultivars (Kohdasht, Moghan 3, Morvarid and native genotype). Results showed that cultivar had significant effect on amount of current photosynthesis, rate of yield accumulation and grain yield. Seed size had a significant effect on amount of dry matter remobilization, remobilization efficiency, contribution of remobilization, contribution of current photosynthesis, rate of grain yield accumulation, rate of biological yield accumulation, biological yield and grain yield. Seed with size greater than 3 mm had the maximum amount of dry matter remobilization (345.17 g.m-2), remobilization efficiency (32.28%) and contribution of remobilization (68.53%), while the seeds with size 2.25- 2.5 mm had the maximum contribution of current photosynthesis (55.5%). Morvarid cultivar and seed size 2.25- 2.5 mm had the lowest rate of biological yield accumulation (60.41 Kg.ha-1.day-2), biological yield (10542 Kg.ha-1), rate of grain accumulation (17.77 Kg.ha-1.day-2) and grain yield (3101.3 Kg.ha-1). The interaction of experimental treatments was significant in no one characteristic. Therefore, Native genotype and 2.75- 3 mm seed size due to better distribution of assimilates in important yield characteristics were more suitable.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bread wheat
  • Current photosynthesis
  • Grain yield
  • Remobilization
  • seed size
Ahmadi, A., SioSemardeh, A. and Zali, A. 2004. A comparison between the capacity of photoassimilate storage and remobilization, and their contribution to yield in four wheat cultivars under different moisture regimes. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 35(4): 921-931. (In Persian)(Journal)
AjamNorouzi, H., Sadeghnezhad, A. and Gezanchian, G. 2010. Effect of seed size and quality on yield and yield components of dryland wheat in saline lands of Gorgan. New Findings of Agriculture, 1: 53-61. (In Persian)(Journal)
Akbari, G.A., Salehi-Zarkhooni, R., Mottaghi, S., Lotfifar, O., Yusefi- Rad, M. and Nasiri, M. 2010. Comparision of yield, yield components and remobilization of assimilates in old and new rice genotypes. Plant Production Technology, 1(2): 21-32. (In Persian)(Journal)
Amin, C. and Brinis, L. 2013. Effect of seed size on germination and establishment of vigorous seedling in durum wheat. Advances in Environmental Biology, 1: 77-81. (Journal)
Bahrani, A. and Tahmasebi Sarvestani, Z. 2006. Effects of rate and time of nitrogen fertilizer on yield,
yield component and dry matter remobilization efficiency in two winter wheat cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, (2): 369-377. (In Persian)(Journal)
Bakhshandeh, S., Soltani, A., Zeinali, E. and Ghadiryan, R. 2013. Study of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, remobilization and harvest index in bread and durum wheat cultivars. Electronic Journal of Crop Production, 6(1): 39-59. (In Persian)(Journal)
Blum, A. 1996. Improviing wheat grain filling under stress by stem reserve utilization. 5th International Wheat Conference. Ankara, Turkey, pp.135-142. (Conference)
Bockus, W. W. and Shroyer, P.J. 1996. Effect of seed size on seedling vigor and forage production of winter wheat. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 76: 101-105. (Journal)
Borras, L., Slafar, G.A. and Otegui, M.E. 2004. Seed dry weight response to source-sink manipulation in wheat, maize and soybean: a quantitative reappraisal. Field Crop Research, 86: 131-146. (Journal)
Chegeni, H., Khoorgami, A., Shiranirad, A.H. and Momeni, J. 2008. Effect of plant date, seed size and plant depth on grain yield and yield components of maize hybrid K.S.C.500. Journal of Research in Agricultural Science, 2: 130-138. (In Persian)(Journal)
Emam, Y. 2007. Cereal production. 3rd Edition, Shiraz University Publication, 200p. (In Persian)(Book)
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2013. FAOSTAT. (available at www. Fao.org). (Website)
Grieve, C.M. and Francoise, L.E. 1992. The importance of initial seed size in wheat response to salinity. Plant and Soil, 147: 197-205. (Journal)
Hamam, K.A. 2008. Increasing yield potential of promising bread wheat lines under drought stress. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 4: 842-860. (Journal)
Hampton, J.G. 1981. The extent and significant of seed size variation in Newzealand wheats. NewZealand Journal of Experimental Botany, 9: 179-183. (Journal)
Hoseinpour, T., Siadat, S. A., Mamaghani, R., Fathi, G. and Rafiei, M. 2006. Study the rate and duration of grain filling in wheat genotypes under dryland conditions in Kouhdasht of Lorestan. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (Special of Agronomy and Plant Breeding), 2: 66-77. (In Persian)(Journal)
Karimzadeh Soureshjani, H., Emam, Y. and Moori, S. 2012. Effect of post-anthesis drought stress on yield, yield components and canopy temperature of bread wheat cultivars. Journal of Plant Process and Function, 1(1): 38-56. (In Persian)(Journal)
Khajehpour, M.R. 2010. Principles and Fpundations of Agronomy. 3rd Edition. Acecr Isfahan University Technology Branch. 654p. (Book)(Journal)
Khazaei, H., Zarea Feizabadi, A. and Beheshti, S. A. 2011. Effect of harvesting time on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of seed in different tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cultivars. Seed and Plant Production, 27(1): 21-40. (In Persian)(Journal)
Kobata, T., Jiro, A. and Turner, N.C. 1992. Rate of development of post anthesis water deficits and grain filling of spring wheat. Crop Science, 32: 1238-1242. (Journal)
Koocheki, E. and Banayan Avval, M. 1994. Crop yield physiology. Jihad-E-Daneshgahi Mashhad Publication, Mashhad, Iran, 380p.(In Persian)(Book)
Koocheki, E. and Sarmadnia, Gh. 2005. Crop physiology. (Translation). Jihad-E-Daneshgahi Mashhad Publication, Mashhad, Iran, 467p.(In Persian)(Book)
Majdam, M., Naderi, A., NoorMohammadi, Gh., Siadat, S.A. and Ayenehband, A. 2009. Effect of water deficit stress and nitrogen management on grain yield, dry matter remobilization and transient photosynthesis of grain corn under Khoozestan climate conditions (Ramin). Crop Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Ahwaz Branch, 1: 137-144. (In Persian)(Journal)
Mian, A.R. and Nafziger, E.D. 1992. Seed size effect on emergence, head number and grain yield of winter wheat. Journal of Production Agriculture, 5: 265-268. (Journal)
Mirtaheri, M., Syadat, S., Najafi, M., Fathi, Gh. and Alami Saeed, Kh. 2010. Effect of drought stress in remobilization of dry matter in five varieties of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 8(2): 308-314. (In Persian)(Journal)
Moshatati, A., Hejazi, A., Kian Mehr, M.H., Sadat Noori, S.A. and Gharineh, M.H. 2009. Effect of seed weight on germination and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedling in Pishtaz variety. Electronic Journal of Crop Production, 2(1): 137-144. (In Persian)(Journal)
Moussavi Nik, M., Babaeian, M. and Tavassoli, A. 2011. Effect of seed size and genotype on germination characteristic and seed nutrient content of wheat. Scientific Research and Essays, 9: 2019-2025. (Journal)
Naderi, A. and Moshref, G. 2000. Effects of drought stress on grain yield and Its affiliates agronomic characteristics in wheat genotypes. Proceedings of the 6th Iranian Congrees in Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Babolsar, Iran, p:555. (In Persian)(Conference)
Ohm, J.B., Chango, K. and Deyoe, C.W. 1998. Single kernel characteristics of hard winter wheats in relation to milling and baking quality. Cereal Chemistry, 1: 156-161. (Journal)
Pirdashti, H., Tahmasebi Sarvestani, Z. and Nasiri, M. 2003. Study on dry matter and nitrogen remobilization in rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes under different transplanting dates. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 5(1): 46-55. (In Persian)(Journal)
Reynolds, M.P., Singh, R.P., Ibrahim, A., Ageeb, O.A.A., Larquesaavedra, A. and Quick, J.S. 1998. Evaluating physiological traits to complement empirical selection for wheat in warm environments. Euphytica Netherlands Journal of Plant Breeding, 100: 85-94. (Journal)
Roustaei, M., Hoseini, S.K., Hoseinvar, T., Kalateh, M., Hoseinpour, M., Amiri, A., Khalilzadeh, G.R., Mohammadi, M., Naraki, F., Mahfouzi, B., Torabi, M., Banisadr, N., Mokhtarpour, H. and Vahabzadeh, M. 2001. The introduction of new varieties of bread wheat, Koohdasht. Research Publication of Plant and Seed, 2: 230-233. (In Persian)
Sadeghi, H., MirShekarnezhad, B., Sheidaei, S. and Darvishi, F. 2010. Effect of seed size on quantitative characteristics, appearance and establishment percentage of safflower in field condition. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 1: 1-7. (In Persian)(Journal)
Sakinezhad, T. 2003. Study the effect of water stress on the process of nitrogen, phosphorus and sodium uptake in growth different courses due to the morphological indices under climate conditions of Ahwaz. Ph.D Thesis of Crop Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Branch of Ahwaz. (In Persian)(Thesis)
 
Seed and Plant Improvement Institute. 2009. Morvarid, bread wheat new varietyResistant to fungal diseases, suitable for hot and humid areas in north of Iran. www.spii.ir. (In Persian)(Website)
Tahir, I.S.A. and Nakata, N. 2005. Remobilization of nitrogen and carbohydrate from stems of bread wheat in response to heat stress during grain filling. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 42: 106-115. (Journal)
Tavakkoli Kakhki, H.R., Beheshti, A.R. and Kazemi, M. 2010. Effect of seed size on seed vigour indices in wheat different cultivars. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 8(2): 194-202. (In Persian)(Journal)
Vahabzadeh, M., Aminzadeh, G., Ghasemi, M., Kalateh, M., Jafarbai, J., Khavarinezhad, S., Abedi Parikhan, M., Fallah, H., Tarinezhad, A., Abroodi, A., Saeidi, A., Yahyaei, G., Nourinia, A.A., Nazari, K., Afshari, F., Torabi, M., Seraj Azari, M., Dehghan, M., Ahmadian Moghaddam, M., Ramaei, M., DadRezaei, S.T. and Pirayeshfar, B. 2008. The introduction of Moghan 3 cultivar, bread wheat new variety for hot and humid climate of the Caspian sea coast, Iran, Seed and Plant Production Journal, 4: 767-770. (In Persian)(Journal)
Willenborg, C.J., Wildeman, J.C., Miller, A.K., Rossnagel, G. and Shirtliffe, S.J. 2005. Oat germination characteristics differ among genotypes, seed size and osmotic potential. Crop Science, 45: 2023-2029. (Journal)
Zareian, A., Hamidi, A., Sadeghi, H. and Jazaeri, M.R. 2013. Effect of seed size on some germination characteristics, seedling emergence percentage and yield of three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in laboratory and field. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 8: 1126-1131. (Journal)