ارزیابی کاربرد کود نیتروژن و تلقیح بذر با ازتوباکتر و آزوسپریلیوم بر عملکرد، سرعت و دوره پر شدن دانه‌ ذرت رقم سینگل‌کراس 500

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 اعضای هیأت علمی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

چکیده

 به­منظور ارزیابی کاربرد کود نیتروژنه و  تلقیح بذر با ازتوباکتر و آزوسپریلیوم برعملکرد، سرعت و دوره پر شدن دانه ذرت رقم سینگل­کراس 500، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1389 در مزرعه مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان شرقی به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. عوامل مورد بررسی مقادیر کود نیتروژنه در چهار سطح ( صفر، 60، 120 و180 کیلوگرم در هکتار از منبع اوره) به­ترتیب به­صورت N1, N0 ، N2و  N3و تلقیح بذر با کودهای زیستی(آزوسپریلیوم لیپوفروم استرین­OF، ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم استرین 5 و عدم تلقیح با باکتری به­عنوان شاهد) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین کارایی مصرف نیتروژن (13/35 کیلوگرم در کیلوگرم) در سطح کودی60 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار و کمترین آن (37/23 کیلوگرم در کیلوگرم) در سطح کودی 180 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار به­دست آمد. تلقیح بذر با کودهای زیستیموجب افزایش کارایی مصرف کود نیتروژن نسبت به عدم تلقیح بذر شد. مقادیر کود نیتروژنه و تلقیح بذر با کودهای زیستیتأثیر معنی­داری بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه داشت. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (3/9313 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، حداکثر وزن دانه (31/0 گرم)، سرعت (0089/0 گرم در روز) و دوره مؤثر پر شدن دانه (37/54 روز) در کاربرد 180 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار در تلقیح بذر با آزوسپریلیوم به­دست آمد. از این رو به­منظور افزایش عملکرد دانه، سرعت و دوره­ مؤثر پر شدن دانه می­توان پیشنهاد نمود که 180 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار در تلقیح بذر با  آزوسپریلیوم به­کار برده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of nitrogen fertilizer application and seed inoculation by Azotobacter and Azosprillium on yield, rate and grain filling period of corn SC-500 cultivar

نویسندگان [English]

  • Raouf Seyed Sharifi 1
  • Zohreh Zare Zad 2
  • Morteza Barmaki 1
  • Akbar Abdi 2
  • Reza Seyed Sharifi 1
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluation of nitrogen fertilizer application and seed inoculation by Azotobacter and Azosprillium on yield, rate and grain filling period of corn SC-500 cultivar, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in farm of Agriculture and Natural Resource research center of Azarbaijan-e- Shargi province in 2011. The factors were included: nitrogen rates in four levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg/ha form urea) as N0, N1, N2 and N3 respectively and seed inoculation with rhizobacteria (without inoculation as control, seed inoculation with Azotobacter chrocococum strain 5, Azosprillium  lipoferum strain OF). The results showed that maximum of nitrogen use efficiency (35.13 kg/kg) was obtained in application of 60 kg N/ha and minimum of it (23.37 kg/kg) was in application of 180 kg N/ha. Seed inoculation with bio fertilizersincreased nitrogen use efficiency compared to no seed inoculation. Nitrogen rates and seed inoculation with bio fertilizers had significantly effects on yield and yield components. Maximum of grain yield (9313.3 kg/ha), grain weight (0.31 gr), rate (0.0089 gr/day) and grain filling period (54.37 day) were obtained in seed inoculation with Azosprillium ×180 kg N ha-1. So, in order to increasing of grain yield, rate and grain filling period can be suggested that be applied 180 kg N ha-1 × seed inoculation with Azospirillum lipoferum.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biofertilizers
  • Corn
  • Grain Filling Period
  • Nitrogen fertilizer
  • Yield
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