ارزیابی توان دگرآسیبی علف‌هرز خردل وحشی بر مؤلفه‌های جوانه‌زنی چهار رقم گندم با استفاده از روش کروماتوگرافی گازی (GC- MS)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای زراعت دانشگاه گیلان

2 عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه گیلان

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثرات دگرآسیبی اندام­های هوایی و زیرزمینی خردل وحشی بر ویژگی­های جوانه­زنی ارقام گندم با استفاده از روش کروماتوگرافی گازی، آزمایش به­صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان در سال 1391 انجام شد. عوامل آزمایش شامل عصاره آبی اندام­های هوایی و زیرزمینی خردل وحشی در سه سطح 5/2 ، 5 و 5/7 درصد به همراه شاهد (آب مقطر) و ارقام گندم (شامل مروارید، مغان، تجن و آرتا) بود. همچنین به­منظور تفکیک اثرات اسمزی غلظت­های عصاره آبی خردل وحشی با اثرات مواد دگرآسیب از پلی اتیلن گلایکول 6000 نیز استفاده شد. پتانسیل آبی غلظت­های 5/2، 5 و 5/7 درصد عصاره آبی خردل وحشی به ترتیب 13/0- بار، 3/0- بار و 54/0- بار اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش غلظت عصاره آبی اندام­های خردل وحشی درصد جوانه­زنی، سرعت جوانه­زنی، طول ریشه­چه، ساقه­چه، وزن خشک ریشه­چه، ساقه­چه و گیاهچه ارقام گندم به­طور معنی­داری کاهش یافت. در بالاترین غلظت، رقم مروارید کمترین میزان تأثیرپذیری و رقم تجن بیشترین میزان تأثیرپذیری را نشان دادند، ضمن آن­که اثرات پلی­اتیلن گلایکول بر صفات مذکور بی تأثیر بود. همچنین نتایج مشخص نمود که مهم­ترین ترکیب اسانس خردل وحشی از ایزوتیوسیانات­ها و گلیکوزینولات­ها می­باشد و از آنجایی­که میزان این ترکیبات به­طور فزاینده­ای در اسانس اندام هوایی بیشتر بود، بنابراین به­نظر می­رسد اثر بازدارندگی بیشتر اندام هوایی نسبت به ریشه را می­توان به بیشتر بودن حجم اسانس این ترکیب در اندام هوایی دانست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation the allelopathic power of wild mustard on germination characteristics of four wheat cultivars using Gas chromatography (GC- MS)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hosein Rezvani 1
  • Jafar Asghari 2
  • Seyed MohammadReza Ehteshami 2
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the allelopathic effects of shoot and root water extract of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) on germination properties and seedling growth of wheat cultivars, an experiment was conducted in factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications at the physiology laboratory of Golestan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center, Iran in 2011. Experimental treatments were different consentations of water extract of  shoot and root Wild mustard(0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5%) and wheat cultivars (Morvarid, Moghan, Tajan and Arta). Also, in order to separate the osmotic effects of different concentrations of wild mustard water extract from allelochemicals effects, the polyethylene glycol 6000was used. The results showed that with increasing the concentration of shoot and root water extract of wild mustard, percentage and rate of germination, shoot and root length, shoot and root dry weight and seedling dry weight of different wheat cultivars decreased significantly., and it was different among the wheatvcultivars, whereas in the highest concentration, Moghan and Morvarid cultivars showed the least influence and Tajan and Arta cultivars showed the highest influence. Furthermore the different concentrations of polyethylene glycol had no effect on the traits mentioned above. This confirms that the osmotic potential of extracts had no influence in intensifing of allelochemicals effects. Fitting of three-parameter logistic model provided a successful estimation of the relationship between different levels of water extract and germination percentage. Generally, wild mustard shoot showed more inhibitory effect than the root.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Allelopathy
  • Germination
  • Water extract
  • Wheat
  • Wild mustard

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