بررسی خصوصیات کمی و کیفی بذر تعدادی از گونه‌های مرتعی در مراتع کلاردشت، استان مازندران، ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مرتع‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 دانشیار گروه مرتع‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

3 مربی گروه مرتع‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

چکیده

بذرها دارای سازگاری­های متنوعی برای پراکندگی هستند. خصوصیات ظاهری بذرها نقش بسیار مهمی در نوع و میزان پراکنش بذرها دارد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی برخی ویژگی­های ظاهری بذر، دوام بذر در خاک و پراکنش آنها برای 29 گونه­ مرتعی در مراتع منطقه کلاردشت در استان مازندران بود. شکل بذر با اندازه­گیری طول، عرض و ضخامت بذر با استفاده از کولیس دیجیتال با دقت 01/0 میلی­متر تعیین شد. رنگ بذر و برخی ویژگی­های سطوح خارجی بذرها زیر بینی­کولر به دقت بررسی و با منابع معتبر تطبیق داده شد. درصد جوانه­زنی بذرها به عنوان شاخص کیفی بذر در آزمایشگاه تعیین شد. اندازه­گیری برخی ویژگی­های بذرهای مورد مطالعه نشان داد که طول بذر بین 10/1 در Trifolium arvense تا 43/4 میلی­متر در Calystegia sepum  متغیر است. حداقل و حداکثر عرض بذر بین 71/0 تا 97/6 میلی­متر بود که به ترتیب برای Plantago major و Heracleum persicum مشاهده شد. در مورد ضخامت بذرهای مورد مطالعه، بیشترین با 27/3 میلی­متر برای Calystegia sepium و کمترین آن با 38/0 میلی­متر مربوط به Lactuca serriolaبود.شکل بذر در محدوده 015/0 تا 17/0 میلی­متر متغیر بود. نتایج نشان داد که برای گیاهان مورد مطالعه، دوام بذر و درصد جوانه­زنی با شکل و اندازه بذر همبستگی معنی­داری ندارند. مکانیسم­های پراکنش به­وسیله حیوانات، فعالیت انسان و باد می­توانند بیشترین تأثیر را در پراکنش بذرهای منطقه کلاردشت داشته باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of some species in Kelardasht Rangelands, Mazandaran province, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Laleh Amouzgar 1
  • Jamshid Ghorbani 2
  • Seyed Hasan Zalli 3
چکیده [English]

Seeds have many different adaptions for dispersal. Seed morphology has an important role in the type and amount of seed dispersal. The aim of this study was to examine some morphological characteristics of seeds, seed persistence in the soil and their dispersal mechanisms for 29 species in Kelardasht rangelands in Mazandaran province, Iran. The seed length, seed width and thickness were determined using a digital caliper with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. These dimensions were used to calculate seed shape. Seed color and some features of seed surface were studied using binoculars and published references. Seed germination as a quantitative parameteralso was measured in laboratory. Seed length varied between 1.10 for Trifolium arvense and 4.43 for Calystagia sepium. The minimum and maximum widths of seeds were 0.71 and 6.97 mm, respectively for Plantago major and Heracleum persicum. The maximum seed thickness was found for Calystagia sepium with 3.27 mm and the minimum for Lactuca serriola with 0.38 mm. Seed shape ranged between 0.015 to 0.17 mm. The results showed that seed longevity was not significantly correlated with seed shape and seed size. Dispersal mechanisms by animals, human activity and wind have the most effect on seed dispersal in Kelardasht.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Seed dispersal
  • Seed longevity
  • Seed morphology
  • Seed shape
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