شناسایی و تعیین درصد آلودگی به قارچ های بذرزاد سویا (Glycine max L. Merr.) در استان گلستان و رابطه آن ها با کیفیت بذرهای تولید شده در این منطقه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 عضو هیأت علمی گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

در این مطالعه بذرهای سویا (رقم کتول) به صورت تصادفی از مزرعه­های موجود در مناطق مختلف استان شامل بندرگز، کردکوی، گرگان، علی­آباد، آزادشهر و کلاله جمع­آوری شدند. برای شناسایی قارچ­های بذرزاد از روش کشت بذرها بر روی محیط کشت سیب­زمینی-­دکستروز آگار اسیدی شده (5/4=pH) استفاده شد. پس از شناسایی عوامل بیماری­زای قارچی برای تعیین کیفیت بذر از آزمون­ جوانه­زنی قبل و بعد از تسریع پیری استفاده شد. در مجموع چهار جنس از قارچ­های بذرزاد سویا در مناطق مختلف تولید بذر در استان شناسایی شدند. میزان شیوع این چهار بیمارگر که عبارت بودند از Alternaria sp.، Fusarium sp.، Phomopsis sp. و Cercospora sp.، در مناطق مختلف استان بسیار متفاوت بود. بیشترین و کمترین آلودگی­های قارچی به ترتیب به وسیله Alternaria sp. (22 درصد) و Cercospora sp. (07/6 درصد) در بذرهای استان ایجاد شد. کل آلودگی­های قارچی در محموله بذری کردکوی (33/71 درصد از کل بذرها) بیش از سایر مناطق بود. کمترین بذر آلوده (33/7 درصد) نیز در محموله بذری شهرستان کلاله مشاهده شد. به استثنای Alternaria sp. سایر قارچ­ها باعث کاهش جوانه­زنی و بنیه بذر در برخی از مناطق شدند. در این میان قارچ Phomopsis sp. بسیار مهم­تر از سایر قارچ­ها بود. به طوری که در کلیه مناطقی که میزان آلودگی به این قارچ بالا بود (بندرگز، کردکوی و گرگان)، جوانه­زنی و بنیه بذر  به صورت خطی کاهش یافت. با توجه به بالا بودن میزان آلودگی­های قارچی در بذرهای سویا در استان گلستان و نیز تأثیر منفی این عوامل بیماری­زا بر جوانه‌زنی و بنیه بذر، اطلاع محققین و تولید کنندگان بذر در مورد نوع و میزان شیوع هر یک از این قارچ­ها در مناطق مختلف و به دنبال آن تلاش برای یافتن راهکارهای مناسب و سازگار با منطقه جهت کنترل و کاهش اثرات منفی این عوامل بیماری­زا بر خصوصیات کیفی بذر باعث افزایش سلامت و کارایی بوم­نظام­های زراعی در استان خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification and infection percentage determination of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] by seed born fungi in Golestan province and its relationship with quality of seeds produced in this region

نویسندگان [English]

  • Morteza Gorzin 1
  • Farshid Ghaderifar 2
  • Seyed Esmaeil Razavi 2
  • Ebrahim Zeinali 2
چکیده [English]

In this study, soybean seeds (cv. Katool) were collected randomly from fields in the various parts of Golestan province, including Bandargaz, Kordkuy, Gorgan, AliAbad, Azadshahr and Kalaleh. To recognize the seed borne fungi, soybean seeds were plated on acidified potato dextrose agar acidified medium (pH=4.5). After identification of fungal pathogens, seed germination test were carried before and after accelerated aging to determine seed quality. A total of four genera of seed borne fungies were identified in different regions of this province. Incidence rate of These four pathogens that included Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp., Phomopsis sp., and Cercospora sp., were very different in distinctive regions of the province. The most and least of fungual infections in seeds of the province produced by Alternaria sp. (22%) and Cercospora sp. (6.07%), respectively. Total fungal infections in seeds of Kordkuy (71.33% of the total seeds) were more than the other regions. The least seed infection (7.33%) were observed in seeds of Kalaleh. With the exception of Alternaria sp., other fungies reduced seed germination and vigor in the some areas. The fungus Phomopsis sp. was much more important than the other fungies. As, in all areas that seed infection by Phomopsis sp. were high (Bandargaz, Kordkuy and Gorgan), a seed germination and vigor decreased linearly. Due to the high amount of fungal infections of soybean seeds in Golestan province, and negative impact of these pathogens on seed germination and vigor, Researchers and seed producers inform about the type and incidence of fungies in each of these areas, and efforts to find appropriate solutions and adapted to areas for control and reduce the negative effects of pathogens on seed quality characteristics, will be cause for increasing of health and efficiency of agricultural ecosystems in the province.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Seed Born Fungi
  • Seed Germination and Vigor
  • Soybean

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